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Bosutswe

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Bosutswe ke lefelo la boithuta-marope le le kwa thoko ga sekaka sa Kalahari mo Botswana kwa godimo ga thaba ya Bosutswe. Lefelo le le tswa bokgala jwa dingwaga tse di makgolo a supa morago ga loso lwa ga Jeso.[1] Fa lefelo le le leng teng go dira gore tiro ya go ithuta e ne motlhofo.[2] Go dumelwa gore lefelo le le ne le nniwa ka dinako tsotlhe dingwaga di ka nna sekete.[3] Le ne le itsege ka tiro ya go betla ditshipi mo o simologileng ka ngwaga wa 1300 morago ga loso lwa ga Jeso.[3]

Ditso tsa Bosutswe di supiwa ka bosupi jwa itsholelo e ikaegileng ka diphologolo. [1]Go na le bosupi jwa dikgomo,dinku le dipodi.[1] Fa tiro ya ditshipi e simolodisiwa, khumo e ne ya simolola go ata mo go ba ba neng ba nna foo.[3] Mo ditsong tsa Bosutswe, phetogo ya ngwao e ka bonwa ka dikago le matsopa a banni ba neng ba le one.[3] Bosupi jwa thekisetso mafelo a mangwe bo ka supiwa ka matsopa le ka dilo tse di neng di bonwa kwa Indian Ocean.[2]

Tiriso ya ditshipi e ne ele botlhokwa mo ditsong tsa lefelo le. Go nyerolola le go thula tshipi go tswa kgakala. Ga go na maselela a tshipi a a bonwang go tswa ka nako eo ka gore didirisiwa di ne di sa somarelwa sentle mo mmung wa thaba ya Bosutswe.[3]

Bonno jo bo sa kgaleng

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lefelo la Bosutswe le farologane le a mangwe ka ga go na nako e go kileng ga tlhoka ba ba nnang mo go lone mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di sekete. Ga go na setlhopha sepe mo Botswana gompieno se se supang kamano le batho ba ba neng ba tshelela koo.[3]Leina la lefelo le, le tswa mo lefokong la Setswana, le na le bokao jwa semoya, mo go supang botlhokwa jwa lone le gore ke eng le ne le nniwa ka lobaka lo lo kalo.[2] Go ne go akangwa gore marapo mangwe a seatla sa motho a ne a dirisiwa mo ngwaokobamelong.[1] Lefelo le le na le makgolo a dingwaga le sa nniwe ke ope. Motswedi wa kitso ke lefelo le lennye kwa Bosutswe le le nang le didirisiwa tse di neng di dirisiwa ka dingwaga tsotlhe tse go neng go nniwa mo go lone.[3] Matlapa a lefelo leo a supa ka fa setshaba se fetogileng ka teng ka nako e se neng se nna koo. E ka tswa e le lone lefelo le batho ba neng ba nna mo go lone ba sa kgale mo kgaolong eo ya Aforika.[4] Go lepalepana le diphetogo ga Bosutswe go bakile go nna lobaka ko go lone.[4] Dikakanyo tsa gore lefelo le le na le bokao jwa semoya di tsweletse le gompieno ka e le ngwao go tlogela dimpho kgotsa dikabelo.

Lefelo la Bosutswe le fa gare ga ditikologo tse pedi tse di farologaneng, sekaka le masimo mo thabeng.[2] Ntlha ya gore Bosutswe o mo godimo ga thaba go ka tswa go ama botlhokwa jwa lone fa le bapisiwa le mafelo a a gautshwane.[1] Didiba di ne di epiwa gore di gelele metsi a a lekaneng lefelo leo, mme go na gape le metswedi e e sa tlholeng e le teng.[2] Lefelo le ne le kgona go fitlhelela bojang le mmu o montsho tse di neng di dirisediwa bomolemo jwa setshaba. Go ne go na le pula e e lekaneng go tshegetsa temothuo le go tlhokomela diphologolo ka bontsi.[2] Go ne go letlelelwa le go tsoma mo go lekanentseng, go supa gape gore go ne go tshwarwa ditlhapi. Go kitlana ga ditlhare kwa lefelong leo go dira gore tiro ya go tlhotlhomisa lefelo leo e seka ya nna motlhofo ebile go tseye nako.[5]

Bosutswe o gaufi thata le mafelo a a Mapungubwe le Great Zimbabwe.[4] Fa le leng teng go le baya fa gare ga kontinente mme go letle gore go nne motlhofo go goroga kwa mawatleng le melapo e e dirisiwang go goroga kwa mafelong a mangwe.[4]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Plug,Ina.1996-02-01."Seven centuries of Iron Age traditions at Bosutswe, Botswana: a faunal perspective".South African Journal of Science.92(2):91–97.hdl 10520/AJA00382353_7778
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Denbow,James;Smith,Jeannette;Ndobochani,Nonofho Mathibidi;Atwood,Kirsten;Miller,Duncan.(2008-02-01)."Archaeological excavations at Bosutswe, Botswana: cultural chronology, paleo-ecology and economy".Journal of Archaeological Science.35(2):459–480.doi 10.1016/j.jas.2007.04.011.ISSN 0305-4403
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Denbow,James;Miller,Duncan (2007-11-01)."Metal Working at Bosutswe, Botswana".Journal of African Archaeology.5(2):271–313.doi 10.3213/1612-1651-10095.ISSN 1612-1651.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Klehm,Carla E.(October 2017)."Local Dynamics and the Emergence of Social Inequality in Iron Age Botswana".Current Anthropology.58(5):604–633.doi 10.1086/693960.ISSN 10.1086/69396
  5. Klehm,Carla;Barnes,Adam;Follett,Forrest;Simon,Katie;KiahtipesChristopher;Mothulatshipi,Sarah (2019-06-01)."Toward archaeological predictive modeling in the Bosutswe region of Botswana: Utilizing multispectral satellite imagery to conceptualize ancient landscapes".Journal of Anthropological Archaeology.54:68–83.doi 10.1016/j.jaa.2019.02.002.ISSN 0278-4165