Мол (музика)

Назив мол означава класу музичких лествица чији је квинтакорд (такође познат као трозвук) према неким музичким школама униформно назван C-Es-G, независно од тоналитета.^[1] У принципу, квинтакорд молске лествице се састоји од два релативна интервала - мала терца и велика терца - односно од два апсолутна интервала - мала терца и чиста квинта - који му дају специфичан „сетан“ - „тужан“ призвук, премда се ови изрази у теорији музике у овом контексту заобилазе.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Молска лествица се може изградити на сваком од 12 стандардних тонова, што укупно даје 12 молских лествица у класичној теорији музике. Свака од њих има три основне варијације, у зависности од односа доње медијанте (шести степен лествице) и вођице (седми степен лествице) са тоником. У зависности од претходног једну молску лествицу можемо назвати природном, хармонијском или мелодијском.

Ове три врсте молске лествице се од дурских генерално разликују по распону између тонике (први степен лествице) и горње медијанте (трећи степен лествице). Код мола је то мала терца, док дур на овом месту карактерише ��елика терца.

Поред ових основних варијација молиских лествица постоје још цигански мол, дорски хармонски мол и многе друге фолклорне и староцрквене модификације основних лествица.

Врсте

Карактеристике интервала између тонике и осталих степена лествице код ова три врсте мола су следеће:^[5]^[6]^[7]

Степен	Однос са тоником
Супертоника	велика секунда
Горња медијанта	мала терца^*
Субдоминанта	чиста кварта
Доминанта	чиста квинта
Доња медијанта	зависно од врсте мола
Вођица	зависно од врсте мола

^* - Ово је главна разлика између дурских и молских лествица.

Природни мол

Прва врста мола носи име природни мол. Њега карактеришу мала секста између тонике и доње медијанте и мала септима између тонике и вођице. Ова лествица има полустепене између супертонике и горње медијанте и између доминанте и доње медијанте.

Природна а мол лествица

Хармонски мол

Једина разлика између природног и хармонског мола је у интервалу између тонике и вођице које је код хармонског мола велика септима. Ова лествица има полустепене између супертонике и горње медијанте, између доминанте и доње медијанте и између вођице и тонике.

Хармонска а мол лествица

Мелодијски мол

Мелодијски мол карактеришу велика секста, између тонике и доње медијанте, и велика септима, између тонике и вођице. Ова лествица има полустепене између супертонике и горње медијанте и између вођице и тонике.

Референце

^ Kostka, Stefan; Payne, Dorothy (2004). Tonal Harmony (5th изд.). New York: McGraw-Hill. стр. 12. ISBN 0-07-285260-7.
^ Jones, George Thaddeus (1974). Music Theory: The Fundamental Concepts of Tonal Music Including Notation, Terminology, and Harmony. Barnes & Noble Outline Series 137. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 9780064601375.
^ Benward, Bruce, and Marilyn Nadine Saker (2003). Music: In Theory and Practice, seventh edition, 2 volumes. Boston: McGraw-Hill ISBN 978-0-07-294262-0.
^ Bernard, Jonathan (1981). "Pitch/Register in the Music of Edgar Varèse." Music Theory Spectrum 3: 1–25.
^ Bandur, Markus. 2001. Aesthetics of Total Serialism: Contemporary Research from Music to Architecture. Basel, Boston and Berlin: Birkhäuser.
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^ Bartlette, Christopher, and Steven G. Laitz (2010). Graduate Review of Tonal Theory. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537698-2.

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