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Garay alphabet

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Garay
Script type
alphabet
CreatorAssane Faye
Created1961
DirectionRight to left
LanguagesWolof
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Gara (164), ​Garay
Unicode
Unicode alias
Garay
U+10D40–U+10D8F
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

The Garay alphabet was designed in 1961, as a transcription system "[marrying] African sociolinguistic characteristics" according to its inventor, Assane Faye. This alphabet has 25 consonants and 14 vowels.[1] It is used in particular for the writing of the Wolof language, spoken mostly in Senegal, although it is more often written in the Latin alphabet and to a lesser extent in the Arabic (Wolofal) alphabet. It is written from right to left, and distinguishes letter case.

Letters

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Consonants

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The consonants are written as standalone letters and are not joined as in Arabic.

There is a mark above some letters to show pre-nasalization. The letter labeled alif is used like its counterpart in Arabic, coming before an initial vowel. Extra to the standard Wolof set is /ħ/, available for Arabic loan words. Lacking is /q/, but /k/ may suffice for that. Also lacking is /nk/, but that may easily be formed with a mark above, like /mb/ etc.[2]

In Garay, uppercase letters are distinguished from lowercase letters by a swash added to one side or the other of the letter. Each sentence begins with a capital letter. Personal names are likewise capitalized.[3]

Nasals
IPA m ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩ ɲ ⟨ñ⟩ ŋ ⟨ŋ⟩
Lowercase
Uppercase
Prenasalized plosives
IPA mb ⟨mb⟩ nd ⟨nd⟩ ɲɟ ⟨nj⟩ ŋɡ ⟨ng⟩
Lowercase
Uppercase
Voiced plosives
IPA b ⟨b⟩ d ⟨d⟩ ɟ ⟨j⟩ ɡ ⟨g⟩
Lowercase
Uppercase
Voiceless plosives
IPA p ⟨p⟩ t ⟨t⟩ c ⟨c⟩ k ⟨k⟩
Lowercase
Uppercase
Fricatives
IPA f ⟨f⟩ s ⟨s⟩ x~χ ⟨x⟩ ħ ⟨h⟩
Lowercase
Uppercase
Liquids and semivowels
IPA r ⟨r⟩ w ⟨w⟩ l ⟨l⟩ j ⟨y⟩
Lowercase
Uppercase
Misc.
Alif
Lowercase
Uppercase

Vowels

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a ⟨a⟩ i ⟨i⟩ ɛ ⟨e⟩ ɔ ⟨o⟩
ə ⟨ë⟩ ü e ⟨é⟩ u ⟨u⟩

Numbers

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Unicode

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The Garay alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 2024 with the release of version 16.0.

The Unicode block for Garay is U+10D40–U+10D8F:

Garay[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+10D4x 𐵀 𐵁 𐵂 𐵃 𐵄 𐵅 𐵆 𐵇 𐵈 𐵉 𐵊 𐵋 𐵌 𐵍 𐵎 𐵏
U+10D5x 𐵐 𐵑 𐵒 𐵓 𐵔 𐵕 𐵖 𐵗 𐵘 𐵙 𐵚 𐵛 𐵜 𐵝 𐵞 𐵟
U+10D6x 𐵠 𐵡 𐵢 𐵣 𐵤 𐵥 𐵩 𐵪 𐵫 𐵬 𐵭 𐵮 𐵯
U+10D7x 𐵰 𐵱 𐵲 𐵳 𐵴 𐵵 𐵶 𐵷 𐵸 𐵹 𐵺 𐵻 𐵼 𐵽 𐵾 𐵿
U+10D8x 𐶀 𐶁 𐶂 𐶃 𐶄 𐶅 𐶎 𐶏
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

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  1. ^ The Garay alphabet can contribute to the rebirth of Africa, according to its inventor , Birane Hady Cissé, on fr.allafrica.com (April 21, 2009, accessed November 7, 2018).
  2. ^ Garay script for Wolof, Ian James, March 2012
  3. ^ Garay Alphabet: a Wolof Script, 6 May 2019

Bibliography

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  • Everson, Michael (April 26, 2012). Preliminary proposal for encoding the Garay script in the SMP of the UCS (PDF).
  • Pandey, Anshuman (May 9, 2011). Introducing the Wolof Alphabet of Assane Faye (PDF).
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