Wikipedia

Solar eclipse of August 22, 1998

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, August 22, 1998,[1][2] [3] [4] with a magnitude of 0.9734. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 5.2 days before apogee (on August 27, 1998, at 7:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[5]

Solar eclipse of August 22, 1998
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma−0.2644
Magnitude0.9734
Maximum eclipse
Duration194 s (3 min 14 s)
Coordinates3°00′S 145°24′E / 3°S 145.4°E / -3; 145.4
Max. width of band99 km (62 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse2:07:11
References
Saros135 (38 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9504

Annularity was visible in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands (Bellona Island and Rennell Island) and Vanuatu. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, and Oceania.

Images

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Observations

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It is usually very dry in Malaysia in August. But due to the El Niño, it rained every day for 2 weeks before the eclipse. On the eclipse day, the sun kept going in and out the gaps of the clouds at first, and later the clouds dispersed near Kota Tinggi District, the observation site of NASA's Johnson Space Center. The whole annular phase was seen. The sky cleared up completely 40 minutes later.[6]

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[7]

August 22, 1998 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1998 August 21 at 23:11:19.7 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1998 August 22 at 00:15:19.1 UTC
First Central Line 1998 August 22 at 00:16:42.3 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1998 August 22 at 00:18:05.7 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1998 August 22 at 01:26:40.7 UTC
Greatest Duration 1998 August 22 at 01:59:47.4 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1998 August 22 at 02:04:08.9 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1998 August 22 at 02:07:10.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1998 August 22 at 02:15:05.3 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1998 August 22 at 02:47:26.3 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1998 August 22 at 03:56:07.6 UTC
Last Central Line 1998 August 22 at 03:57:33.7 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1998 August 22 at 03:58:59.8 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1998 August 22 at 05:03:03.8 UTC
August 22, 1998 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.97336
Eclipse Obscuration 0.94742
Gamma −0.26441
Sun Right Ascension 10h03m45.9s
Sun Declination +11°53'26.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'48.7"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 10h03m30.7s
Moon Declination +11°39'14.3"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'09.7"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°55'38.7"
ΔT 63.3 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of August–September 1998
August 8
Descending node (full moon)
 August 22
Ascending node (new moon)
 September 6
Descending node (full moon)
     
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 109		 Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 135		 Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 147
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Eclipses in 1998

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 135

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1997–2000

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[8]

The partial solar eclipses on July 1, 2000 and December 25, 2000 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1997 to 2000
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
120
 
Totality in Chita, Russia 		March 9, 1997
 
Total 		0.9183 125 September 2, 1997
 
Partial 		−1.0352
130
 
Totality near Guadeloupe 		February 26, 1998
 
Total 		0.2391 135 August 22, 1998
 
Annular 		−0.2644
140 February 16, 1999
 
Annular 		−0.4726 145
 
Totality in France 		August 11, 1999
 
Total 		0.5062
150 February 5, 2000
 
Partial 		−1.2233 155 July 31, 2000
 
Partial 		1.2166

Saros 135

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 135, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 5, 1331. It contains annular eclipses from October 21, 1511 through February 24, 2305; hybrid eclipses on March 8, 2323 and March 18, 2341; and total eclipses from March 29, 2359 through May 22, 2449. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on August 17, 2593. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 16 at 10 minutes, 41 seconds on December 24, 1601, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 62 at 2 minutes, 27 seconds on May 12, 2431. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[9]

Series members 28–49 occur between 1801 and 2200:
28 29 30
 
May 5, 1818 		 
May 15, 1836 		 
May 26, 1854
31 32 33
 
June 6, 1872 		 
June 17, 1890 		 
June 28, 1908
34 35 36
 
July 9, 1926 		 
July 20, 1944 		 
July 31, 1962
37 38 39
 
August 10, 1980 		 
August 22, 1998 		 
September 1, 2016
40 42 42
 
September 12, 2034 		 
September 22, 2052 		 
October 4, 2070
43 44 45
 
October 14, 2088 		 
October 26, 2106 		 
November 6, 2124
46 47 48
 
November 17, 2142 		 
November 27, 2160 		 
December 9, 2178
49
 
December 19, 2196

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

20 eclipse events between June 10, 1964 and August 21, 2036
June 10–11 March 28–29 January 14–16 November 3 August 21–22
117 119 121 123 125
 
June 10, 1964 		 
March 28, 1968 		 
January 16, 1972 		 
November 3, 1975 		 
August 22, 1979
127 129 131 133 135
 
June 11, 1983 		 
March 29, 1987 		 
January 15, 1991 		 
November 3, 1994 		 
August 22, 1998
137 139 141 143 145
 
June 10, 2002 		 
March 29, 2006 		 
January 15, 2010 		 
November 3, 2013 		 
August 21, 2017
147 149 151 153 155
 
June 10, 2021 		 
March 29, 2025 		 
January 14, 2029 		 
November 3, 2032 		 
August 21, 2036

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
March 4, 1802
(Saros 117) 		 
February 1, 1813
(Saros 118) 		 
January 1, 1824
(Saros 119) 		 
November 30, 1834
(Saros 120) 		 
October 30, 1845
(Saros 121)
 
September 29, 1856
(Saros 122) 		 
August 29, 1867
(Saros 123) 		 
July 29, 1878
(Saros 124) 		 
June 28, 1889
(Saros 125) 		 
May 28, 1900
(Saros 126)
 
April 28, 1911
(Saros 127) 		 
March 28, 1922
(Saros 128) 		 
February 24, 1933
(Saros 129) 		 
January 25, 1944
(Saros 130) 		 
December 25, 1954
(Saros 131)
 
November 23, 1965
(Saros 132) 		 
October 23, 1976
(Saros 133) 		 
September 23, 1987
(Saros 134) 		 
August 22, 1998
(Saros 135) 		 
July 22, 2009
(Saros 136)
 
June 21, 2020
(Saros 137) 		 
May 21, 2031
(Saros 138) 		 
April 20, 2042
(Saros 139) 		 
March 20, 2053
(Saros 140) 		 
February 17, 2064
(Saros 141)
 
January 16, 2075
(Saros 142) 		 
December 16, 2085
(Saros 143) 		 
November 15, 2096
(Saros 144) 		 
October 16, 2107
(Saros 145) 		 
September 15, 2118
(Saros 146)
 
August 15, 2129
(Saros 147) 		 
July 14, 2140
(Saros 148) 		 
June 14, 2151
(Saros 149) 		 
May 14, 2162
(Saros 150) 		 
April 12, 2173
(Saros 151)
 
March 12, 2184
(Saros 152) 		 
February 10, 2195
(Saros 153)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
December 20, 1824
(Saros 129) 		 
November 30, 1853
(Saros 130) 		 
November 10, 1882
(Saros 131)
 
October 22, 1911
(Saros 132) 		 
October 1, 1940
(Saros 133) 		 
September 11, 1969
(Saros 134)
 
August 22, 1998
(Saros 135) 		 
August 2, 2027
(Saros 136) 		 
July 12, 2056
(Saros 137)
 
June 22, 2085
(Saros 138) 		 
June 3, 2114
(Saros 139) 		 
May 14, 2143
(Saros 140)
 
April 23, 2172
(Saros 141)

Notes

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  1. ^ "August 21–22, 1998 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Clouds may put eclipse in shade". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia. 1998-08-22. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-10-21 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Saturday". Newsday (Suffolk Edition). 1998-08-19. p. 114. Retrieved 2023-10-21 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Eclipse Aug. 23". Mitchell Tribune. 1998-08-05. p. 12. Retrieved 2023-10-21 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  6. ^ Paul Maley. "The August 22, 1998 Annular Solar Eclipse Seen from Malaysia". Archived from the original on 30 October 2020.
  7. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1998 Aug 22". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  8. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  9. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 135". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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Photos:

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