Gertse County
Gertse County
སྒེར་རྩེ་རྫོང་། • 改则县 Gêrzê, Gaize, Kai-tse | |
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Coordinates: 33°45′53″N 84°07′22″E / 33.76472°N 84.12278°E | |
Country | China |
Autonomous region | Tibet |
Prefecture | Ngari |
Established date[1][2][3][4] | October 1960 |
County seat | Gêrzê[3] |
Township-level divisions[1] | 1 town, 6 townships |
Area | |
• Total | 135,025 km2 (52,133 sq mi) |
Elevation | over 4,500 m (over 14,800 ft) |
Population (2020)[6] | |
• Total | 25,327 |
• Density | 0.19/km2 (0.49/sq mi) |
Ethnic groups | |
• Major ethnic groups | Tibetan[4] |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 859200[7] |
Website | gz |
Gertse County | |||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 改则县 | ||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 改則縣 | ||||||||
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Tibetan name | |||||||||
Tibetan | སྒེར་རྩེ་རྫོང་། | ||||||||
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Gertse County[8] (Tibetan: སྒེར་རྩེ་རྫོང་།), Gêrzê County[7][9][10][11] or Gaize County (Chinese: 改则县)[12] is a county located in Ngari Prefecture in the northwest of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, bordering Xinjiang to the north.[3]
Name
[edit]Gêrzê is the Tibetan word for a special type of local-style dwelling built on the peak of a mountain.[1]
History
[edit]The area was originally inhabited by nomadic tribes.[3]
In the aftermath of the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China in the early 1950s, People's Liberation Army troops were stationed in Gêrzê.[13]
On May 3, 1960, the Gêrzê County Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was established. On October 1, 1960, the Gêrzê County government was established.[1][2][3][4]
At 2:01 AM on February 21, 2020, a 5.0 magnitude earthquake struck in Gêrzê County (epicenter: 34°34′N 85°41′E / 34.56°N 85.68°E).[14]
At 2:12 AM on March 10, 2020, a 5.0 magnitude earthquake struck in Gêrzê County (epicenter: 32°50′N 85°31′E / 32.84°N 85.52°E) followed by a 3.7 magnitude and a 3.4 magnitude aftershock. No casualties were reported.[5]
On May 8, 2020, eight suspects were arrested and eighty-nine antelope skins were confiscated in connection with reported Tibetan antelope poaching in the county.[15]
Geography
[edit]Gêrzê County is bordered to the north by Keriya County (Yutian) in Hotan Prefecture (Hetian), Xinjiang and to the west by Rutog County.[16] There are numerous lakes in Gêrzê County including Tong Tso. Thermal springs in Gêrzê County include Lugu[10] (70 °C; 33°24′24″N 84°08′12″E / 33.40667°N 84.13667°E; altitude 4,528 m (14,856 ft)), Nagezhong (60 °C; 32°18′N 84°12′E / 32.300°N 84.200°E; altitude 4,550 m (14,930 ft)) and Yarlhaingari (60 °C; 33°00′48″N 86°01′36″E / 33.01333°N 86.02667°E; altitude 4,880 m (16,010 ft)).[17]
Climate
[edit]Gêrzê County has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk), with strong dry-winter subarctic climate tendencies (Köppen: Dwc).
Climate data for Gêrzê, elevation 4,279 m (14,039 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.1 (79.0) |
27.6 (81.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.7 (27.1) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
3.8 (38.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
8.6 (47.5) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
8.9 (48.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −11.1 (12.0) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
0.7 (33.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
13.2 (55.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
9.1 (48.4) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −20.3 (−4.5) |
−17.6 (0.3) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
3.1 (37.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
6.2 (43.2) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −44.0 (−47.2) |
−42.4 (−44.3) |
−32.1 (−25.8) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
−23.5 (−10.3) |
−34.9 (−30.8) |
−44.6 (−48.3) |
−44.6 (−48.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.9 (0.04) |
0.6 (0.02) |
1.1 (0.04) |
2.2 (0.09) |
8.3 (0.33) |
25.1 (0.99) |
61.8 (2.43) |
71.6 (2.82) |
21.5 (0.85) |
3.7 (0.15) |
0.7 (0.03) |
0.2 (0.01) |
197.7 (7.8) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 7.3 | 13.6 | 15.4 | 6.7 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 55.6 |
Average snowy days | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 37.4 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 72 | 71 | 69 | 69 | 71 | 71 | 66 | 63 | 77 | 85 | 84 | 81 | 73 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 232.4 | 222.9 | 258.2 | 271.1 | 305.2 | 303.0 | 284.1 | 257.4 | 280.4 | 295.7 | 260.1 | 253.0 | 3,223.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 72 | 71 | 69 | 69 | 71 | 71 | 66 | 63 | 77 | 85 | 84 | 81 | 73 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[18][19] |
Administrative divisions
[edit]Gêrzê county is divided into 1 town and 6 townships:[4][20][2]
Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie |
---|---|---|---|---|
Town | ||||
Gêrzê Town | 改则镇 | Gǎizé zhèn | སྒེར་རྩེ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | sger rtse grong rdal |
Townships | ||||
Oma Township[10] | 物玛乡 | Wùmǎ xiāng | འོ་མ་ཤང་། | 'o ma shang |
Shenchen Township | 先遣乡 | Xiānqiǎn xiāng | ཤན་ཆེན་ཤང་། | shan chen shang |
Marmê Township | 麻米乡 | Mámǐ xiāng | མར་མེ་ཤང་། | mar me shang |
Dongco Township | 洞措乡 | Dòngcuò xiāng | སྟོང་མཚོ་ཤང་། | stong mtsho shang |
Gomo Township[10] | 古姆乡 | Gǔmǔ xiāng | ཁྲ་མདོངས་ཤང་། | kra mdongs shang |
Chabug Township | 察布乡 | Chábù xiāng | བྲག་པོ་ཤང་། | brag po shang |
Demographics
[edit]Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2000 | 17,502 | — |
2010 | 22,177 | +2.40% |
[4] |
As of 1996[update], the residents of the county were Tibetan.[4] In 1999, the population of the county was 16,623.[21]
Economy
[edit]The main economic activity in Gêrzê County is animal husbandry[5] which includes the raising of yak, dzo, sheep, goats, and horses. The county also has wild yak, wild donkeys, wild sheep, bears and Tibetan antelope.[3]
Transportation
[edit]- Nagqu–Ngari Highway (黑阿公路)[3]
Historical maps
[edit]Historical maps including Gêrzê:
-
Map of the expeditions of Sven Hedin (1906–8) including the modern-day Gêrzê County area (RGS, early 20th century)
-
Map including Gêrzê (labeled as Kai-tse) (DMA, 1975)
-
Map including Gêrzê (Kai-tse) (DMA, 1980)
-
Map of the Gêrzê area (DMA, 1990)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e 地区经济司 (30 November 2017). 西藏自治区阿里地区改则县. National Development and Reform Commission (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020 – via Internet Archive.
改则县隶属阿里地区,全县总面积135025平方公里,辖1镇6乡。2015年总人口46930人。
"改则"藏语意为"特殊的民居建于山顶"。1960年,设立改则县。 - ^ a b c 改则县大事记. 阿里地区改则县人民政府 (in Simplified Chinese). 19 March 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
5月3日,中共改则县委员会在门董成立,{...}10月1日,改则县人民政府在门董成立,{...}9月,改则县撤区并乡工作结束。撤区并乡后,改则县行政区调整为6乡1镇、74个行政村、1个居委会。
- ^ a b c d e f g 夏征农; 陈至立, eds. (September 2009). 辞海:第六版彩图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). 上海. Shanghai: 上海辞书出版社. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 665. ISBN 978-7-5326-2859-9.
- ^ a b c d e f 日土县历史沿革 [Gêrzê County Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 5 April 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
2000年第五次人口普查,改则县常住总人口17502人,其中{...}2010年第六次人口普查,改则县常住总人口22177人,其中,改则镇5072人,物玛乡2315人,先遣乡1825人,麻米乡4363人,洞措乡2571人,古姆乡2312人,察布乡3719人。
- ^ a b c huaxia, ed. (10 March 2020). "No casualties reported from Tibet earthquakes". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- ^ "阿里地区第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报" (in Chinese). Administrative Commission of Ngari Prefecture. 2021-06-10. Archived from the original on 2022-06-11. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
- ^ a b
Wu Zhenhua 武振华, ed. (1996). 西藏地名 [Place Names of the Xizang Autonomous Region]. Beijing: 中国藏学出版社. p. 157. ISBN 7-80057-284-6.
改则 སྒེར་རྩེ Gêrzê 邮政编码:859200
- ^ Dorje, Gyurme (1999), Footprint Tibet Handbook with Bhutan (2nd ed.), Bath: Footprint Handbooks, p. 343, ISBN 0-8442-2190-2 – via archive.org
- ^
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (2010). 建筑抗震设计规范 [GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings] (in English and Simplified Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. p. 198 – via Google Books.
Gêrzê County
- ^ a b c d
Complete Atlas Of The World (3 ed.). Penguin Random House. 2016. p. 238 – via Internet Archive.
Oma{...}Gêrzê{...}Lugu{...}Gomo
- ^ Gêrzê (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ Gaize Xian, geonames.org, retrieved 18 September 2022.
- ^ "Sixty Years Since Peaceful Liberation of Tibet". Beijing: Information Office of the State Council. 11 July 2011 – via Wikisource.
- ^ Mu Xuequan, ed. (21 February 2020). "5.0-magnitude quake hits Tibet: CENC". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- ^ "8 arrested for poaching Tibetan antelopes". Xinhua News Agency. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- ^ Shixin Wang; Baolin Yang; Yi Zhou; Futao Wang; Rui Zhang; Qing Zhao (2018). "Snow Cover Mapping and Ice Avalanche Monitoring from the Satellite Data of the Sentinels". International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 42 (3): 1766. Bibcode:2018ISPAr42.3.1765W. doi:10.5194/ISPRS-ARCHIVES-XLII-3-1765-2018. S2CID 59056188.
- ^ Zhijie Liao (2018). Thermal Springs and Geothermal Energy in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Surroundings. Higher Education Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-981-10-3485-5 – via Google Books.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码:改则县 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Gêrzê County] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
统计用区划代码 名称 542526100000 改则镇 542526200000 物玛乡 542526201000 先遣乡 542526202000 ���米乡 542526203000 洞措乡 542526204000 古姆乡 542526205000 察布乡
- ^ Berman, Lex (2017-03-17). "China Population by County (1999)". Harvard Dataverse. doi:10.7910/dvn/eoh3fv. Retrieved 2018-04-28.