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N Korea denies any involvement in the hack, of crucial importance and mentioning in lead.
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{{current|date=December 2014}}
{{current|date=December 2014}}
[[File:Sonypicturesentertainmentoffices.jpg|thumb|right|The headquarters of [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] in Culver City, California]]
[[File:Sonypicturesentertainmentoffices.jpg|thumb|right|The headquarters of [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] in Culver City, California]]
On November 24, 2014, personally identifiable information about [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] (SPE) employees and their dependants, e-mails between employees, information about executive salaries at the company, copies of unreleased Sony films, and other information were obtained and released by a hacker group going under the moniker "Guardians of Peace" or "GOP".<ref name =oag>{{cite web | format = [[Portable document format |PDF]] | url= http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/12%2008%2014%20letter_0.pdf | title = Sony Pictures Entertainment Notice Letter | publisher =[[California Attorney General |State of California Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General]] | date = December 8, 2014 | accessdate=December 20, 2014}}</ref><ref name = time>{{cite web | url = http://time.com/3633385/sony-hack-emails-media/ | title=Sony Asks Media to Stop Covering Hacked Emails | work=[[Time (magazine) |Time]] | date=December 16, 2014 | accessdate =December 17, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/12/17/sony-hack-the-interview/20519545/ | title = Experts: Sony hackers 'have crossed the line' | work= [[USA Today]] | date= December 17, 2014 | accessdate=December 17, 2014 | last = Weise | first = Elizabeth}}</ref> Although United States intelligence officials believe the cyber-attack was sponsored by the [[North Korea]]n government,<ref name=nyt-linkedtokorea /> the true identities and motives of the hackers are unclear, and whether they had assistance by individuals inside Sony Pictures who provided access or information about the company's computer systems.
On November 24, 2014, personally identifiable information about [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] (SPE) employees and their dependants, e-mails between employees, information about executive salaries at the company, copies of unreleased Sony films, and other information were obtained and released by a hacker group going under the moniker "Guardians of Peace" or "GOP".<ref name =oag>{{cite web | format = [[Portable document format |PDF]] | url= http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/12%2008%2014%20letter_0.pdf | title = Sony Pictures Entertainment Notice Letter | publisher =[[California Attorney General |State of California Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General]] | date = December 8, 2014 | accessdate=December 20, 2014}}</ref><ref name = time>{{cite web | url = http://time.com/3633385/sony-hack-emails-media/ | title=Sony Asks Media to Stop Covering Hacked Emails | work=[[Time (magazine) |Time]] | date=December 16, 2014 | accessdate =December 17, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/12/17/sony-hack-the-interview/20519545/ | title = Experts: Sony hackers 'have crossed the line' | work= [[USA Today]] | date= December 17, 2014 | accessdate=December 17, 2014 | last = Weise | first = Elizabeth}}</ref> Although United States intelligence officials believe the cyber-attack was sponsored by the [[North Korea]]n government,<ref name=nyt-linkedtokorea /> the true identities and motives of the hackers are unclear, and whether they had assistance by individuals inside Sony Pictures who provided access or information about the company's computer systems.


Though the motives for the hack have yet to be revealed, the hack has been tied to the planned release of the film ''[[The Interview (2014 film)|The Interview]]'', which had depicted an assassination attempt on North Korean leader [[Kim Jong-un]], with the hackers threatening acts of terrorism if the film were to be released. Sony ultimately decided to cancel the film's originally scheduled theatrical release.
Though the motives for the hack have yet to be revealed, the hack has been tied to the planned release of the film ''[[The Interview (2014 film)|The Interview]]'', which had depicted an assassination attempt on North Korean leader [[Kim Jong-un]], with the hackers threatening acts of terrorism if the film were to be released. Sony ultimately decided to cancel the film's originally scheduled theatrical release.

Revision as of 12:39, 23 December 2014

The headquarters of Sony Pictures Entertainment in Culver City, California

On November 24, 2014, personally identifiable information about Sony Pictures Entertainment (SPE) employees and their dependants, e-mails between employees, information about executive salaries at the company, copies of unreleased Sony films, and other information were obtained and released by a hacker group going under the moniker "Guardians of Peace" or "GOP".[1][2][3] Although United States intelligence officials believe the cyber-attack was sponsored by the North Korean government,[4] North Korea has denied all responsibility and the true identities and motives of the hackers are unclear, and whether they had assistance by individuals inside Sony Pictures who provided access or information about the company's computer systems.

Though the motives for the hack have yet to be revealed, the hack has been tied to the planned release of the film The Interview, which had depicted an assassination attempt on North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, with the hackers threatening acts of terrorism if the film were to be released. Sony ultimately decided to cancel the film's originally scheduled theatrical release.

Perpetrators

The Guardians of Peace (GOP) have made various threats relating to terrorism and the September 11 attacks that have drawn the attention of U.S. security agencies.[5] North Korean state-sponsored hackers have been suspected of being involved in part due to specific threats made towards theaters showing The Interview, a film about an assassination attempt against Kim Jong-un.[6][7] North Korean officials had previously expressed concerns about the film to the United Nations, stating that "to allow the production and distribution of such a film on the assassination of an incumbent head of a sovereign state should be regarded as the most undisguised sponsoring of terrorism as well as an act of war."[8]

This is absurd. Yet it is exactly the kind of behavior we have come to expect from a regime that threatened to take ‘merciless countermeasures’ against the U.S. over a Hollywood comedy, and has no qualms about holding tens of thousands of people in harrowing gulags.

— Samantha Power, December 22, 2014[9]

U.S. government officials stated on December 17 their belief that the North Korean government was "centrally involved" in the hacking, however there was some early debate within the White House over whether to publically accuse North Korea[4] and White House officials are treating the situation as a "serious national security matter".[10] The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) formally stated on December 19 that they have connected the North Korean government to the cyber-attacks.[11][12] These claims were made based on the use of similar malicious hacking tools and techniques that have been linked to North Korea hacks on other entities such as South Korea, though officials acknowledge that the attacks originated from computers outside of North Korea.[4][13]

North Korea has denied responsibility,[14] and have offered to be part of a joint probe with the United States to determine the hackers' identities, threatening consequences if the United States refuses to collaborate.[15][16] The government also stated that "there are a great number of supporters and sympathisers" for North Korea across the globe that would have the capabilities for this.[5] The U.S. refused and asked China for investigation assistance instead.[17]

Rebuttal analyses to accusations

Members of the press and various cybersecurity experts have expressed doubt on the claims that North Korea was behind the hacking. Michael Hiltzik, Los Angeles Times journalist, said that all evidence against North Korea has been "circumstantial" and that some cybersecurity experts have been "skeptical" about accusations against the government.[18] Cybersecurity expert Lucas Zaichkowsky said: "State-sponsored attackers don't create cool names for themselves like 'Guardians of Peace' and promote their activity to the public."[19] Former hacker Hector Xavier Monsegur, who once hacked into Sony, explained to CBS News that infiltrating one or one hundred terabytes of data would have taken months or years, not weeks, "without anyone noticing". Moreover, Monsegur doubted the accusations due to North Korea's possibly insufficient infrastructure to handle much data. He believed that it could have been either Chinese, Russian, or anyone else.[20] Kim Zetter of Wired magazine called released evidence against the government "flimsy",[21] and investigative journalist Tim Shorrock said "I have seen no indication whatsoever that there was any similarity [...] to anything that North Korea has been accused of before."[22]

Obtained information

According to a notice letter dated December 8, 2014, from SPE to its employees, SPE learned on December 1, 2014, that personally identifiable information about employees and their dependents may have been obtained by unauthorized individuals as a result of a "brazen cyber-attack". SPE listed the following types of information that may have been obtained: "(i) name, (ii) address, (iii) social security number, driver's license number, passport number and/or other government identifier, (iv) bank account information, (v) credit card information for corporate travel and expense, (vi) username and passwords, (vii) compensation and (viii) other employment-related information. In addition, unauthorized individuals may have obtained (ix) HIPAA protected health information, such as name, social security number, claims appeals information you submitted to SPE (including diagnosis and disability code), date of birth, home address, and member ID number to the extent that you and/or your dependents participated in SPE health plans, and (x) health/medical information that you provided to use outside of SPE health plans."[1] On December 7, 2014, C-SPAN reported that the hackers stole 47,000 unique Social Security numbers from the SPE computer network.[23]

Although personal, financial and medical data about thousands of past and present SPE employees and their dependents may have been stolen, early news reports focused mainly on celebrity gossip and embarrassing details about Hollywood and film industry business affairs gleaned by the media from electronic files, including private email messages, released by the computer criminals. Among the information revealed in the e-mails was that Sony CEO Kazuo Hirai pressured Sony Pictures co-chairwoman Amy Pascal to "soften" the assassination scene in the upcoming Sony film The Interview.[24]

Other e-mails released in the hack showed Pascal and Scott Rudin discussing Angelina Jolie, and the fact that she wanted David Fincher to direct her film Cleopatra. In the e-mails, Rudin referred to Jolie as "a minimally talented spoiled brat" and said he did not want her getting involved with a planned film about Steve Jobs.[25] Pascal and Rudin were also noted to have had an e-mail exchange about Pascal's upcoming encounter with President Barack Obama that included characterizations described as racist.[26][27][28] The two had suggested they should mention films about African-Americans upon meeting the president, such as Django Unchained, 12 Years a Slave, The Butler and Amistad, which all talk about slavery in the United States or the pre-civil rights era.[26][27][28] Pascal and Rudin later apologized.[26][28]

The hackers involved claim to have taken over 100 terabytes of data from Sony.[29] The leak revealed multiple details of behind-the-scenes politics on Columbia Pictures' current Spider-Man film series, including e-mails between Pascal and others to various heads of Marvel Studios.[30] In addition to the emails, a copy of the script for the upcoming James Bond film Spectre, which is due to be released in 2015, was obtained.[14] Several future Sony Pictures films, including Annie, Mr. Turner, Still Alice and To Write Love on Her Arms, were also leaked.[31][32][33] The hackers intended to release additional information on December 25, 2014,[34] which coincided with the canceled release date of The Interview in the United States.

In December 2014, former Sony Pictures Entertainment employees filed four lawsuits against Sony for not protecting their data that was released in the hack, which included Social Security numbers and medical information.[35]

Threats

On December 16, for the first time since the hack, the "Guardians of Peace" mentioned The Interview by name, and threatened to take terrorist actions against the film's New York City premiere at Sunshine Cinema on December 18, as well as on its American wide release date, set for December 25.[36] Sony pulled the theatrical release the following day.

We will clearly show it to you at the very time and places The Interview be shown, including the premiere, how bitter fate those who seek fun in terror should be doomed to. Soon all the world will see what an awful movie Sony Pictures Entertainment has made. The world will be full of fear. Remember the 11th of September 2001. We recommend you to keep yourself distant from the places at that time. (If your house is nearby, you’d better leave.) Whatever comes in the coming days is called by the greed of Sony Pictures Entertainment. All the world will denounce the SONY.[37]

On December 18, two messages (both allegedly from the Guardians of Peace) were released. One, sent in a private message to Sony executives, stated that they would not release any further information if Sony never releases the film and removed its presence from the internet. The other, posted to Pastebin, a web application used for text storage that the Guardians of Peace have used for previous messages, stated that the studio had "suffered enough" and could release The Interview, but only if Kim Jong-un's death scene was not "too happy". The post also stated that the company cannot "test [them] again", and that "if [Sony Pictures] makes anything else, [they] will be here ready to fight".[38]

On the day following the FBI's accusation of North Korea's involvement, the FBI received a mocking e-mail purportedly from the hacking group containing a YouTube video of "You are an idiot!", which contains an electronic dance music and a writing of a foreign language.[39][40][41]

Reactions to hackings

In December 2014, Sony requested that the media stop covering the hack.[2] Sony also threatened legal action if the media did not comply, but according to law professor Eugene Volokh, Sony's legal threats are "unlikely to prevail".[42]

Seth Rogen and James Franco, the stars of The Interview, responded to the hack by saying they did not know if it was definitely caused by the film,[43] but later cancelled all media appearances tied to the film outside of the planned New York City premiere on December 16, 2014.[6] American screenwriter Aaron Sorkin wrote an op-ed for The New York Times opining that the media was helping the hackers by publishing and reporting on the leaked information.[44]

Following initial threats made towards theaters that would show The Interview, several theatrical chains, including Carmike Cinemas, Bow Tie Cinemas, Regal Entertainment Group, AMC Theatres and Cinemark Theatres, announced that they would not screen The Interview.[45][46][47] The same day, Sony stated that they would allow theaters to opt out of showing The Interview, but later decided to fully pull the national December 25 release of the film, as well as announce that there were "no further release plans" to release the film on any platform, including home video, in the foreseeable future.[48][49][50] The decision to pull the film was criticized by several Hollywood filmmakers and actors, including Ben Stiller, Steve Carell, Rob Lowe, Jimmy Kimmel and Judd Apatow.[51][52] Some commentators contrasted the situation to the non-controversial release of the 2004 Team America: World Police, a film that mocked the leadership of North Korea's prior leader, Kim Jong-il.[53] The Alamo Drafthouse was poised to replace showings of The Interview with Team America until the film's distributor Paramount Pictures ordered the theaters to stop.[54]

On December 18, 2014, U.S. Senator John McCain (R-AZ) released a statement about Sony Pictures' decision to cancel the release of The Interview in reaction to the cyber-attack. He said: "The need for Sony Pictures to make that decision ultimately arose from the Administration's continuing failure to satisfactorily address the use of cyberweapons by our nation's enemies". He proposed the formation of a Senate Committee on Armed Services subcommittee focused on cyber matters and called for the passage of comprehensive cybersecurity legislation.[55]

President Barack Obama, in an end-of-year press speech, commented on the Sony hacking, and stated that he felt Sony made a mistake in pulling the film, and expressed that producers should "not get into a pattern where you are intimidated by these acts".[56] In response to President Obama's statement, Sony Entertainment's CEO Michael Lynton said on the CNN talk show Anderson Cooper 360 that the public, the press and the President misunderstood the events. Lynton said that the decision to cancel the wide release was in response to a majority of theaters pulling their showings and not to the hackers' threats. Lynton stated that they will seek other options to distribute the film in the future, and noted "We have not given in. And we have not backed down. We have always had every desire to have the American public see this movie."[57][58]

In light of the threats made to Sony over The Interview, New Regency cancelled its March 2015 production plans for a film adaption of the Pyongyang graphic novels, which was set to star Steve Carell.[59] Hustler announced its intentions to make a pornographic parody film of The Interview. Hustler founder Larry Flynt said "If Kim Jong-un and his henchmen were upset before, wait till they see the movie we're going to make".[60]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Sony Pictures Entertainment Notice Letter" (PDF). State of California Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General. December 8, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014. Cite error: The named reference "oag" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b "Sony Asks Media to Stop Covering Hacked Emails". Time. December 16, 2014. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  3. ^ Weise, Elizabeth (December 17, 2014). "Experts: Sony hackers 'have crossed the line'". USA Today. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Sanger, David E.; Perlroth, Nicole (December 17, 2014). "U.S. Links North Korea to Sony Hacking". The New York Times. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  5. ^ a b "Sony hack: White House views attack as security issue". BBC. December 18, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  6. ^ a b Stedman, Alex (December 16, 2014). "Seth Rogen and James Franco Cancel All Media Appearances for 'The Interview'". Variety. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  7. ^ Bennett, Bruce (December 15, 2014). "Did North Korea Hack Sony?". Newsweek. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  8. ^ Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (July 10, 2014). "North Korea complains to UN about Seth Rogen comedy The Interview". The Guardian. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  9. ^ Sangwon Yoon (December 22, 2014). "U.S. Denounces North Korea at UN". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  10. ^ Bacle, Ariana (December 18, 2014). "White House is treating Sony hack as 'serious national security matter'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  11. ^ "FBI — Update on Sony Investigation". FBI. December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  12. ^ Weise, Elizabeth; Johnson, Kevin (December 19, 2014). "FBI confirms North Korea behind Sony hack". USA Today. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  13. ^ "Sony cyber attack linked to North Korean government hackers, FBI says". The Guardian. December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  14. ^ a b Stedman, Alex (December 14, 2014). "Sony Hack: Bond Producers Say 'Spectre' Screenplay Among Stolen Material". Variety. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  15. ^ "North Korea seeks joint probe with US on Sony hack". BBC. December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  16. ^ "North Korea demands joint inquiry with US into Sony Pictures hack". The Guardian. December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  17. ^ Makinen, Julie (December 20, 2014). "North Korea decries U.S. allegations on Sony hack; U.S. turns to China." Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  18. ^ Hiltzik, Michael (December 19, 2014). "The Sony hack: What if it isn't North Korea?" Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  19. ^ Mendoza, Martha (December 3, 2014). "Security experts doubt North Korea hacked into Sony; regime is angry over new Seth Rogen movie." Associated Press (Canada.com). Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  20. ^ Monsegur, Hector (December 18, 2014). "Former Anonymous hacker doubts North Korea behind Sony attack". CBS News (Interview). Interviewed by Elaine Quijano. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  21. ^ Zetter, Kim (December 17, 2014). "The Evidence That North Korea Hacked Sony Is Flimsy." Wired. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  22. ^ "The Interview" Belittles North Korea, But is Film’s Backstory and U.S. Policy the Real Farce?" (December 22, 2014). Democracy Now. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  23. ^ "Washington Journal - Hacking and Cybersecurity Threats". C-SPAN. December 7, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  24. ^ Fackler, Martin (December 15, 2014). "Sony's International Incident: Making Kim Jong-un's Head Explode". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  25. ^ Holpuch, Amanda (December 14, 2014). "Sony email hack: what we've learned about greed, racism and sexism". The Guardian. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  26. ^ a b c Mike Fleming, Jr., Scott Rudin Apologizes After Leak Of Sony’s Hacked Racially Insensitive E-Mails On Barack Obama, Deadline.com, December 11, 2014
  27. ^ a b Variety Staff, Sony’s Amy Pascal Apologizes for Obama Emails, Variety, December 11, 2014
  28. ^ a b c Christopher Rosen, Scott Rudin & Amy Pascal Apologize After Racially Insensitive Emails About Obama Leak, The Huffington Post, December 11, 2014
  29. ^ James Cook (December 16, 2014). "Sony Hackers Have Over 100 Terabytes Of Documents. Only Released 200 Gigabytes So Far". Business Insider. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  30. ^ Fritz, Ben (December 9, 2014). "Sony, Marvel Discussed Spider-Man Movie Crossover". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  31. ^ Justin McCurry. "North Korea denies hacking Sony Pictures". the Guardian. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  32. ^ "Hackers who targeted Sony invoke 9/11 attacks in warning to moviegoers". The Guardian. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  33. ^ "Sony's New Movies Leak Online Following Hack Attack". NBC News. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  34. ^ Weise, Elizabeth (December 15, 2014). "Sony fights hack damage as new threats emerge". USA Today. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  35. ^ Ellis, Ralph (December 20, 2014). "Lawsuits say Sony Pictures should have expected security breach". cnn.com. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  36. ^ Rushe, Dominic (December 17, 2014). "Hackers who targeted Sony invoke 9/11 attacks in warning to moviegoers". The Guardian. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  37. ^ Boot, William (December 17, 2014). "Exclusive: Sony Emails Say State Department Blessed Kim Jong-Un Assassination in 'The Interview'". The Daily Beast. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  38. ^ Weise, Elizabeth; Johnson, Kevin (December 19, 2014). "FBI confirms North Korea behind Sony hack". USA Today. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  39. ^ "Hackers 'mock' FBI investigation into Sony cyber attack." ITV News. December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  40. ^ Boot, William (December 20, 2014). "Sony Hackers Guardians of Peace Troll FBI, Anonymous Convinced Hack Didn't Come From North Korea." The Daily Beast. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  41. ^ Gajewski, Ryan; Siegel, Tatiana (December 20, 2014). "Sony Hackers Appear to Mock FBI in Latest Message." The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  42. ^ Volokh, Eugene (December 15, 2014). "Can Sony sue media outlets who publish the stolen Sony documents?". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  43. ^ "Seth Rogen and James Franco Address the Sony Hack". ABC News. December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  44. ^ Sorkin, Aaron (December 15, 2014). "The Sony Hack and the Yellow Press". The New York Times. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  45. ^ Kilday, Gregg (December 16, 2014). "Sony Hack: Carmike Cinemas Drops 'The Interview'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  46. ^ Weise, Elizabeth (December 17, 2014). "Second theater chain pulls "The Interview" after hacker threats". USA Today. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  47. ^ Kilday, Gregg (December 17, 2014). "Top Five Theater Circuits Drop 'The Interview' After Sony Hack". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  48. ^ Grow, Kory (December 17, 2014). "Sony Cancels 'Interview' New York Premiere Amid Terror Threats". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  49. ^ Lang, Brent (December 17, 2014). "Sony Cancels Theatrical Release for 'The Interview' on Christmas". Variety. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  50. ^ McNary, Dave (December 17, 2014). "Sony Has 'No Further Release Plans' for 'The Interview'". Variety. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  51. ^ Sinha-Roy, Piya (December 17, 2014). "Hollywood slams Sony, movie theaters for canceling 'The Interview'". Reuters. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  52. ^ Marcus, Stephanie (December 7, 2014). "Celebrities React To Sony Canceling 'The Interview' Release". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  53. ^ Rife, Katie (December 18, 2014). "Alamo Drafthouse replaces The Interview with Team America: World Police—or not". A.V. Club. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  54. ^ Farnham, Donovan (December 18, 2014). "Paramount tells theaters no 'Team America: World Police'". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  55. ^ "Statement by Senator John McCain on Cancellation of Upcoming Sony Movie in Response to Cyber-Attacks". John McCain. December 18, 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  56. ^ "US President Barack Obama holds last news briefing of 2014". BBC. December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  57. ^ Pallotta, Frank (December 19, 2014). "Sony exec fires back at President Obama". CNN Money. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  58. ^ "Sony 'will not drop' North Korea film The Interview". BBC. December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  59. ^ Ford, Rebecca (December 17, 2014). "Steve Carell's North Korea Thriller Dropped After Sony Hack". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  60. ^ "Take That, Jong-un! Hustler Plans 'The Interview' Porn Parody". AVN. December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
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