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Revision as of 10:09, 1 July 2024

Thiyyar
Total population
c. 3.6 million
Regions with significant populations
North Malabar
Languages
Malayalam
Religion
Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Ezhava
Army man of Thiyya Regiment

Thiyya or Tiyyar (Sanskrit: Divyar; Portuguese: Tiveri)[citation needed] is a caste found mostly in the North Malabar region of Kerala.[1][2] They speak Malayalam but also have a local dialect known as Thiyya, named after their own community.[3] They are closely related to Ezhavas, with similar history, culture and customs.[4][5] Thiyya are classified as Other Backward Class (OBC) by the Government of India as per the caste census.[6][7][8][9][10]

History and Origin

Recent genetic studies have shown that the Nairs, Bunts, Hoysalas, Ezhavas and Thiyyas originated from ancient migrants from North India, suggesting that they are descendants of Indo-European migrations along the western coast of India.[11] They also practice marumakkathayam which is a system of matrilineal inheritance.[8][10]

There were also minor Thiyya dynasties that existed in Malabar called the Mannanar dynasty and Kattan dynasty.[12] There were skilled warriors called Chekavar from Thiyyar caste in the medieval period. During the British Raj, the British Indian Army had a separate regiment called the Thiyyar Regiment. Certain sections of the Thiyya community rose to become renowned warriors in Northern Malabar.[13][14] Many of these famous Chekava warriors are remembered in folk songs called the Vadakkan Pattukal.[8]

Thiyyars of Malabar engaged in various roles in the society of Malabar for example Thiyyar Regiment.[8][10]

Culture and Beliefs

The traditional Malabari Hindu ritual of Theyyam plays a very important part in the spirituality of the Thiyyar community. In the districts of Kasargod and Kannur this traditional ritual is primarily performed in the kavus (sanctuaries) or tharavads (ancestral homes) of Thiyyar, Vaniyar, Maniyani and Nambiar communities.[15][16] One of the most famous theyyam forms known as "Kathivanur Veeran" is performed in memory of the great Thiyya warrior Mandhappan Chekavar.[17][18][10]

Famous Thiyya personalities

Politicans

Artists

Writers

Social reformers

References

  1. ^ https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/15/12/evad225/7469372
  2. ^ Velacherry, Joseph (1993). Social Impact of Mass Media in Kerala. CISRS, Bangalore. p. 15. ISBN 978-81-7214-064-9.
  3. ^ Kumar, Rajesh; Prakash, Om (2018-11-30). Language, Identity and Contemporary Society. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-5275-2267-1.
  4. ^ V, Sreebitha P. "Differece as Discourse: A Study of Malabar Thiyyas and Thiruvithamkoor Ezhavas during 19th and 20th Centuries.pdf" – via www.academia.edu. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ William, Logan (1887). Malabar Manual. Superintendent, Government Press (Madras).
  6. ^ "Caste Reservations in Kerala". Government of India.
  7. ^ "Tamil Nadu government gives Backward Class status to Thiyya and Ezhava communities". New Indian Express. 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d Chekkutty, N. P. (August 29, 2019). "The Thiyyas of Malabar: In Search of a New Identity". KochiPost.
  9. ^ https://dspace.uohyd.ac.in/server/api/core/bitstreams/a1baf17d-9376-499f-88a0-7f1aaa57b435/content
  10. ^ a b c d https://pesquisaonline.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-mitavadi-and-social-reform-movement-of-the-thiyya-community.pdf
  11. ^ V.Geedanath (January 2024). "genetic ancestries of south-west coast warrior class traced". The Hindu.
  12. ^ MA Rajeev Kumar (6 April 2022). "Neglected and forgotten: Remains of Mannanar dynasty crumbling". The New Indian Express.
  13. ^ P., Girija, K (2021). Mapping the History of Ayurveda : Culture, Hegemony and the Rhetoric of Diversity. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-48139-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Kurup, K. K. N. (1985). "History of the Tellicherry Factory, 1683-1794".
  15. ^ Kusuman, K. K. (1990). A Panorama of Indian Culture. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-214-1.
  16. ^ Robinson, Gnana (1998). Religions of the Marginalised: Towards a Phenomenology and the Methodology of Study. United Theological College, Bangalore. ISBN 9788172144586.
  17. ^ "Reviving tradition Theyyam season begins in northern Kerala". 27 October 2022.
  18. ^ Abraham, Janaki (October 1, 2017). "'Matriliny did not become patriliny!': The transformation of Thiyya 'tharavad' houses in 20 th -century Kerala". Contributions to Indian Sociology. 51 (3): 287–312. doi:10.1177/0069966717720514 – via CrossRef.
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