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''puritan'' is subjective and biased. he was against alcohol and vanity, however, there is no evidence that Canabal subscribed to other puritanical views. Many (not all) modern far-leftists are against makeup too.
Undid revision 467237271 by 86.132.0.59 (talk) not pov but descriptive. He, like Franco or Mussolini, is described as authoritarian, caudillo and dictator.
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'''Tomás Garrido Canabal''' (born [[Playas de Catazajá]], [[Chiapas]], September 20, 1891&mdash; died [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], April 8, 1943), was a [[Mexico|Mexican]] politician and revolutionary. Garrido Canabal served as governor of the state of [[Tabasco]] from 1920 to 1924 and again from 1931 to 1934, and was particularly noted for his [[Anti-Catholicism|anti-Catholic]] persecution. During his term he virtually destroyed the Church in his state, banning every priest from openly serving.<ref>Kirshner, Alan M., [http://jcs.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/3/479.extract A Setback to Tomas Garrido Canabal's Desire to Eliminate the Church in Mexico] J. of Church and State (1971) 13 (3): 479-492.</ref>
'''Tomás Garrido Canabal''' (born [[Playas de Catazajá]], [[Chiapas]], September 20, 1891&mdash; died [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], April 8, 1943), was a [[Mexico|Mexican]] politician and revolutionary. Garrido Canabal served as governor of the state of [[Tabasco]] from 1920 to 1924 and again from 1931 to 1934, and was particularly noted for his [[Anti-Catholicism|anti-Catholic]] persecution. During his term he virtually destroyed the Church in his state, banning every priest from openly serving.<ref>Kirshner, Alan M., [http://jcs.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/3/479.extract A Setback to Tomas Garrido Canabal's Desire to Eliminate the Church in Mexico] J. of Church and State (1971) 13 (3): 479-492.</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==

Revision as of 08:25, 24 December 2011

Tomás Garrido Canabal (born Playas de Catazajá, Chiapas, September 20, 1891— died Los Angeles, California, April 8, 1943), was a Mexican politician and revolutionary. Garrido Canabal served as dictator and governor of the state of Tabasco from 1920 to 1924 and again from 1931 to 1934, and was particularly noted for his anti-Catholic persecution. During his term he virtually destroyed the Church in his state, banning every priest from openly serving.[1]

Biography

Tomás Garrido Canabal was born in the hacienda Catazajá in the northernmost part of the Mexican state of Chiapas. During the Mexican Revolution he was drawn into politics. He was named interim governor of Tabasco for a brief spell in 1919 (and then of the Yucatán in May and June 1920) until in December 1920 "Garrido again became provisional governor of Tabasco. From this point until August 1935 (except for a brief hiatus during the de la Huerta rebellion) he controlled the state."[2] Garrido's rule, which marked the apogee of Mexican anti-clericalism, was supported by the Radical Socialist Party of Tabasco (PRST) of which he was the leader.

Called an "atheist and a puritan" by Peter Godman,[3] fervent anticlericalist and anti-Catholic, he supported President Plutarco Elías Calles's war against the Cristeros, a popular rebellion opposed to the enforcement of anticlerical laws. He founded several organizations "that terrorized Roman Catholics",[4] most notably the so-called "Red Shirts," and as a result some have labeled him a "fascist"[4][5], however he named one of his sons after Vladimir Lenin, a Marxist and anti-fascist[6]. He also considered himself a Bolshevik[7] and the anthem of his Redshirts was the Internationale, though some have argued that his authoritarian policies were more akin to European right-wing dictatorships[8].

Garrido Canabal's revolutionary fervor was reflected in the names of his children: Lenin and Zoila Libertad. He even had a farm with a bull named God, an ox and a hog named Pope, a cow named after Mary, and a donkey named Christ.[6] In Tabasco, satirical plays were also organised, with for instance "the parading of a stud bull called 'the bishop' or an ass labeled 'the pope.'”[9]

Yet Garrido Canabal's administrative achievements included stimulating the social development of the state of Tabasco by means of agricultural and social policies and his support for the enfranchisement of women. In 1934 he introduced women's suffrage to Tabasco, making him the second governor to do so after Felipe Carrillo Puerto of the Yucatán twelve years earlier. In Mexico, Garrido Canabal's Tabasco was one of several "vying with one another for the title 'Laboratory of the Revolution.'"[10] As Governor, however, he also issued rigid decrees against corsets and alcohol and outlawed tombstones.[11]

In 1934 he was named Secretary of Agriculture by President Lázaro Cárdenas.[12] Soon after Cardenas took office, however, he would turn against Canabal.[13] In 1935, after he ordered his Red Shirts to kill Catholic activists in Mexico City who were seeking to return to Tabasco, Canabal was forced to step down and into exile in Costa Rica.[14] His paramilitary groups were subsequently disbanded. He was allowed to return to Mexico in 1941 and died two years later of cancer in Los Angeles, California.[11]

Artistic portrayals

The lieutenant in Graham Greene's The Power and the Glory is clearly based on Garrido Canabal,[15][16] though his name is never mentioned. The novel's protagonist is a "whiskey priest", a theme often used in Garrido Canabal's antireligious propaganda.

References

  1. ^ Kirshner, Alan M., A Setback to Tomas Garrido Canabal's Desire to Eliminate the Church in Mexico J. of Church and State (1971) 13 (3): 479-492.
  2. ^ Stan Ridgeway, "Monoculture, Monopoly, and the Mexican Revolution" Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos 17.1 (Winter, 2001): 147.
  3. ^ Peter Godman, "Graham Greene's Vatican Dossier" The Atlantic Monthly 288.1 (July/August 2001): 85.
  4. ^ a b "Garrido Canabal, Tomás". The Columbia Encyclopedia Sixth Edition (2005).
  5. ^ Stan Ridgeway, "Monoculture, Monopoly, and the Mexican Revolution" Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos 17.1 (Winter, 2001): 167.
  6. ^ a b Donald J. Mabry, "Garrido Canabal, Tomás", at the Historical Text Archive.
  7. ^ Ard, Michael J. "An eternal struggle: how the National Action Party transformed Mexican politics". Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 0275978311, 9780275978310. Length 228 pages. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9GhTZd-EnoEC&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=Garrido+Canabal+left-wing&source=bl&ots=rdYFyhlf72&sig=tdABRlzFgd2JcqRmLBAscItyRhg&hl=en&ei=pbfLTrOtBMWX8QP4t6XCDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Garrido%20Canabal%20left-wing&f=false
  8. ^ Austin, Ron. "Peregrino: A Pilgrim Journey Into Catholic Mexico". Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2010. ISBN 0802865844, 9780802865847. Length 219 pages. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xajAjbJNDu4C&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=Garrido+Canabal+left-wing&source=bl&ots=FCKeZNWTe1&sig=uUxBRKVAT8gwBHl4P9j56ELAGKk&hl=en&ei=pbfLTrOtBMWX8QP4t6XCDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Garrido%20Canabal%20left-wing&f=false
  9. ^ Alan Knight, "Popular Culture and the Revolutionary State in Mexico, 1910-1940." The Hispanic American Historical Review 74.3 (August 1994): 408.
  10. ^ Gilbert M. Joseph (ed.), The Mexico Reader (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002): 411.
  11. ^ a b Obituary Time Magazine April 19, 1943
  12. ^ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,748144,00.html
  13. ^ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,788523,00.html
  14. ^ Krauze, Enrique THE TROUBLING ROOTS OF MEXICO'S LÓPEZ OBRADOR: Tropical Messiah The New Republic June 19, 2006
  15. ^ Barbara A. Tenenbaum and Georgette M. Dorn (eds.), Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (New York: Scribner's, 1996).
  16. ^ Stan Ridgeway, "Monoculture, Monopoly, and the Mexican Revolution" Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos 17.1 (Winter, 2001): 143.

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