December 1924: Difference between revisions
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==[[December 12]], 1924 (Friday)== |
==[[December 12]], 1924 (Friday)== |
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*The Central Executive Committee of the USSR issued a decree [[Gun control in the Soviet Union|prohibiting the possession of almost all firearms]], with the exception of hunting rifles. The decree, titled ""On the procedure of production, trade, storage, use, keeping and carrying firearms, firearm ammunition, explosive projectiles and explosives" outlawed personal possession of handguns and rifles other than smoothbore shotguns, and illegal gun possession was severely punished.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.online812.ru/2012/06/15/008/ | title=Как Россия от свободного оборота оружия пришла к несвободному|accessdate=17 February 2018}} {{Dead link|date=November 2023}}</ref> |
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*The first issue of the weekly Saudi Arabian newspaper ''[[Umm Al-Qura (newspaper)|Umm Al-Qura]]'' was published. Based in [[Mecca]], ''Umm Al-Qura'' is the official newspaper of the Saudi government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/16334/|title=Umm al-Qurá, Number 1131, 1 November 1946|date=1 November 1946|access-date=4 February 2019|website=www.wdl.org}}</ref> |
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*Addressing American correspondents at the [[League of Nations]], French politician [[Aristide Briand]] said that American entry into the League was essential to ensure world peace.<ref>{{cite news |last=Storer |first=John |date=December 13, 1924 |title=Peace Sure if U.S. Joins World League – Briand | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=5 }}</ref> |
*Addressing American correspondents at the [[League of Nations]], French politician [[Aristide Briand]] said that American entry into the League was essential to ensure world peace.<ref>{{cite news |last=Storer |first=John |date=December 13, 1924 |title=Peace Sure if U.S. Joins World League – Briand | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=5 }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' |
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*'''Born:''' [[Ed Koch]], mayor of New York City, in [[the Bronx]], [[New York (state)|New York]] (d. 2013) |
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**[[Ed Koch]], mayor of New York City from 1978 to 1989; in [[the Bronx]], [[New York (state)|New York]] (d. 2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000302 |title=Koch, Edward Irving – Biographical Information |access-date=November 11, 2009}}</ref> |
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**[[Ray Cordeiro|Reinaldo "Ray" Cordeiro]], Hong Kong radio disk jockey known as "Uncle Ray" and host for 51 years of the English-language show ''All the Way with Ray'' from 1970 to 2021; in [[Wan Chai]], [[Hong Kong]] (d.2023)<ref name="rthk_20230113_i">{{cite news |title=Uncle Ray Cordeiro, 1924–2023 |work=RTHK News |url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1683870-20230114.htm}}</ref> |
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**[[Kantilal Rathod]], Indian filmmaker in Gujarat and Hindi cinema, known for ''[[Kanku]]''; in [[Raipur]], [[ Central Provinces and Berar]] (now [[Chhattisgarh]] state), [[British India]] (d.1988) |
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**[[Jorge Gallardo]], Costa Rican painter; in [[San Jose, Costa Rica|San Jose]] (d.2002) |
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==[[December 13]], 1924 (Saturday)== |
==[[December 13]], 1924 (Saturday)== |
Revision as of 02:15, 29 March 2024
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The following events occurred in December 1924:
December 1, 1924 (Monday)
- An attempt by Communists to overthrow the government of Estonia failed, leaving 125 of the 335 rebels dead, and 500 more arrested. The Estonian Army lost 26 soldiers and cadets. Communist International (Comintern), based in the Soviet Union, had ordered the Estonian Communist Party to stage the coup and provided weapons. The rebels attacked a dormitory for cadets of the Estonian Military Academy with grenades, but fled when the cadets fought back. The Toompea Castle in Tallinn and a military airfield at Lasnamäe were briefly under Communist control, but within five hours after the 5:00 a.m. start, government forces had defeated the rebels.[1]
- Boston Arena hosted the first National Hockey League game ever played in the United States as the NHL's two newest franchises, with the Boston Bruins and the Montreal Maroons. Boston won, 2 to 1.[2][3] Smokey Harris scored the first-ever Bruins goal.[4]
- Plutarco Elías Calles was inaugurated to a 4-year term as the 47th [List of presidents of Mexico|President of Mexico]].[5]
- From Latakia, leaders of the Alawite State within the semi-autonomous Syrian Federation announced that they would not join the states of Aleppo and Damascus in the creation of the State of Syria.
- An agreement to start the first chapter of the Ku Klux Klan in Canada was signed between C. Lewis Fowler of New York City and Richard L. Cowan of Toronto. Cowan named himself the Imperial Wizard of the white supremacist Knights of Ku Klux Klan of Canada on January 1.[6]
- Fritz Angerstein, an official with a limestone mine in the German town of Haiger, murdered eight people in the villa where he lived, killing his wife, his mother-in-law and sister-in-law, his maid and two gardeners, and two of his fellow workers. He would be executed by behading on November 17, 1925.[7]
- The musical Lady, Be Good, with music by George and lyrics by Ira Gershwin, opened at the Liberty Theatre on Broadway for the first of 330 performances.[8]
- The drama film Romola, starring Lillian Gish, premiered at George M. Cohan's Theatre in New York City.[9]
- Born:
- Suraj N. Gupta, Indian-born U.S. theoretical physicist noted for his contributions to quantum field theory, including the Gupta–Bleuler quantization; in Punjab Province, British India (d. 2021)[10]
- Fazle Kaderi Mohammad Abdul Munim, Chief Justice of Bangladesh from 1982 to 1989; in Dhaka, Bengal Province, British India (d.2001)[11]
- General Sawar Khan, Vice Chief of Staff of the Pakistan Army 1980 to 1984, and Governor of Punjab province, 1978-1980[12]; in Rawalpindi District, Punjab Province, British India (d.2023)
- Died:Reuben "Dummy" Stephenson, 55, the first deaf Major League Baseball player.[13] Stephenson played as a center fielder for eight games for the Philadelphia Phillies in September 1892.[14]
December 2, 1924 (Tuesday)
- A devastating earthquake struck Java, killing 727.[15]
- Born: Alexander Haig, United States Secretary of State, in Philadelphia (d. 2010)
- Born: Jack Davis, American cartoonist, in Atlanta (d. 2016)
- Died: Kazimieras Būga, 45, Lithuanian linguist
December 3, 1924 (Wednesday)
- U.S. president Calvin Coolidge delivered his 2nd State of the Union message to the United States Congress. Unlike in 1923, Coolidge delivered a written address instead of giving a speech.[16] The message stated that the present state of the Union "may be regarded with encouragement and satisfaction by every American."[17]
- Born: F. Sionil José, novelist, in Rosales, Philippines (d. 2022)
December 4, 1924 (Thursday)
- The trial of confessed serial killer Fritz Haarmann began in Germany.[18]
- Died: Cipriano Castro, 66, president of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908
December 5, 1924 (Friday)
- The State of Syria (Dawlat Sūriyā) was created within the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon by Decree No. 2980, uniting the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus under one common native assembly and administration.[19]
- Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabis, entered Mecca in ihram clothing, making the umrah, one of the two forms of the Muslim pilgrimage to Great Mosque of Mecca. The differs from the hajj in that the umrah pilgrimage takes place outside of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, and Saud made the trip on the 8th day of Jumada I.[20]
- Benito Mussolini introduced a bill enforcing widespread press censorship.[21]
- A first Woolworths Australia department store open in downtown Sydney, as predecessor name was Woolworths Stupendous Bargain Basement.[page needed]
December 6, 1924 (Saturday)
- France rounded up over 300 communists in raids on their headquarters, including some 70 of foreign nationality that were to be deported. "There are too many foreign communists in France who forget their duty to the country that has given them asylum", Prime Minister Édouard Herriot told the Chamber of Deputies. "They are indulging in political demonstrations, and we will not tolerate it, we will not let them meddle in our political life. If we meet with resistance we will break it, and we will deport as many as necessary."[22]
- Born: Wally Cox, comedian and actor, in Detroit, Michigan (d. 1973)
- Died: Gene Stratton-Porter, 61, American author, screenwriter and naturalist
December 7, 1924 (Sunday)
- The Social Democratic Party maintained its plurality in the German federal election.
- Born:
- Mário Soares, president of Portugal from 1986 to 1996, and twice its prime minister; in Lisbon (d. 2017)
- Bent Fabric (stage name for Bent Fabricus-Bjerre), pianist and composer, in Frederiksberg, Denmark (d. 2020)
December 8, 1924 (Monday)
- The Erich von Stroheim-directed film Greed premiered at the Cosmopolitan Theatre in New York City.[9]
- The NHL's Bruins-Canadiens rivalry begins at Boston Arena, with a come-from-behind 4-3 win by Montreal over the Bruins.[23]
- Died: Xaver Scharwenka, 74, German-Polish pianist, composer and teacher
December 9, 1924 (Tuesday)
- A new session of British parliament was opened by George V and Queen Mary.[24] The King's speech included a plan to enlarge the naval base at Singapore.[25]
- Born: Manlio Sgalambro, philosopher and writer, in Lentini, Italy (d. 2014)
December 10, 1924 (Wednesday)
- The 1924 Nobel Prizes were awarded. The honorees were Manne Siegbahn of Sweden for Physics, Willem Einthoven of the Netherlands (Medicine), and Władysław Reymont of Poland (Literature). No Prize was awarded for Chemistry or Peace this year.[21][26]
- Died: August Belmont, Jr., 71, American financier and thoroughbred racehorse owner/breeder
December 11, 1924 (Thursday)
- James B. Duke, founder of the American Tobacco Company and Duke Power Company, a philanthropist who was one of the wealthiest men in the U.S., gave $40,000,000 to The Duke Endowment, a trust fund he had created. The Duke Fund was directed to support four colleges, as well as multiple non-profit hospitals, children's homes and rural United Methodist churches in North Carolina and South Carolina. The largest share of the gift (40% or $12,800,000) went to Trinity College in Durham, North Carolina, on the condition that the institution rename itself in honor of James Duke's father, the late Washington Duke, and Trinity College changed its name to Duke University upon accepting the endowment. Shares of 5% of the endowment were given to Davidson College and Furman University, while 4% was given to the historically black Johnson C. Smith University. Another $67,000,000 was provided to the endowment under Duke's will upon his death in on October 10, 1925.[27]
- The absolute world record for speed, 279.481 miles per hour (449.781 km/h), was set by the Bernard SIMB V.2 airplane, designed by French aviator Jean Hubert and piloted by Florentin Bonnet.
- Photographer Alfred Stieglitz and painter Georgia O'Keeffe were married in New Jersey.[28]
- Born:
- Felix "Doc" Blanchard, American college football player who won the Heisman Trophy, the Maxwell Award and the James E. Sullivan Award in 1945, and later passed up professional football career in order to serve a military career in the United States Air Force; in McColl, South Carolina (d.2009)[29]
- Hal Brown, American baseball player; in Greensboro, North Carolina (d. 2015)
December 12, 1924 (Friday)
- The Central Executive Committee of the USSR issued a decree prohibiting the possession of almost all firearms, with the exception of hunting rifles. The decree, titled ""On the procedure of production, trade, storage, use, keeping and carrying firearms, firearm ammunition, explosive projectiles and explosives" outlawed personal possession of handguns and rifles other than smoothbore shotguns, and illegal gun possession was severely punished.[30]
- The first issue of the weekly Saudi Arabian newspaper Umm Al-Qura was published. Based in Mecca, Umm Al-Qura is the official newspaper of the Saudi government.[31]
- Addressing American correspondents at the League of Nations, French politician Aristide Briand said that American entry into the League was essential to ensure world peace.[32]
- Born:
- Ed Koch, mayor of New York City from 1978 to 1989; in the Bronx, New York (d. 2013)[33]
- Reinaldo "Ray" Cordeiro, Hong Kong radio disk jockey known as "Uncle Ray" and host for 51 years of the English-language show All the Way with Ray from 1970 to 2021; in Wan Chai, Hong Kong (d.2023)[34]
- Kantilal Rathod, Indian filmmaker in Gujarat and Hindi cinema, known for Kanku; in Raipur, Central Provinces and Berar (now Chhattisgarh state), British India (d.1988)
- Jorge Gallardo, Costa Rican painter; in San Jose (d.2002)
December 13, 1924 (Saturday)
- Exiled Albanian political figure Ahmet Zogu invaded Albania with his Yugoslav-backed guerrilla army attempting to overthrow Fan Noli.[35]
- Born: Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, political leader, in Kathmandu, Nepal (d. 2011); Robert Coogan, actor, in Glendale, California (d. 1978)
- Died: Samuel Gompers, 74, American labor leader
December 14, 1924 (Sunday)
- The Henry Kimball Hadley dramatic opera A Night in Old Paris premiered at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
- Born: Raj Kapoor, Bollywood famous actor, in Kapoor Haveli, Peshawar (d. 1988)
December 15, 1924 (Monday)
- In a letter to British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, Winston Churchill opined that Singapore's defences did not need to be completed for another fifteen to twenty years, writing, "I do not believe there is the slightest chance of war with Japan in our lifetime. Japan is at the other end of the world. She cannot menace our vital security in any way."[36][37]
- Died: Friedrich Trendelenburg, 80, German surgeon
December 16, 1924 (Tuesday)
- The Supreme Court of Hungary confiscated the property of former president Mihály Károlyi for high treason. Károlyi was convicted of negotiating with Italy in 1915 to keep the Italians out of the war in exchange for Austrian territory, and for allowing a communist revolution to happen in 1919 by deserting his position.[38]
- Born: Loudon Wainwright, Jr., American writer (d. 1988)
December 17, 1924 (Wednesday)
- Seven of the eight teams in baseball's American League presented a resolution to commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis saying that the "misconduct" of League president Ban Johnson would cease, "or his immediate removal from office will follow." The resolution also declared "that legislation will be adopted that will limit his activities to the internal affairs of the American league." Phil Ball of the St. Louis Browns was the only team owner who did not sign the resolution.[39]
- The football club Associação Atlética Portuguesa (RJ) was founded in Brazil.
- Born: Margaret Wigiser, baseball player, in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2019)
December 18, 1924 (Thursday)
- Pope Pius XI made his first statement against communism after an abandoned pontifical relief mission returned from Russia. He said the Vatican would continue to make efforts to help needy Russians, but "nobody certainly can have thought by our efforts on behalf of the Russian people we intended in any way to lend our support to a system of government which we are so far from approving."[40]
December 19, 1924 (Friday)
- German serial killer Fritz Haarmann was sentenced to death for murdering twenty-four young men.[41]
- Born: Doug Harvey, hockey player, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (d. 1989)
- Born: Cicely Tyson, Tony and Emmy Award-winning actor and model, in Harlem, New York City, New York, U.S.A (d. 2021)
December 20, 1924 (Saturday)
- Adolf Hitler was released from Landsberg Prison as part of a general amnesty for political prisoners.[42] He returned to his small Munich apartment where his friends threw him a party.[43]
- Benito Mussolini presented legislation repealing the much-criticized Acerbo Law.[44]
December 21, 1924 (Sunday)
- The string of murders by German serial killer and cannibal Karl Denke came to an end when a homeless drifter, Vincenz Olivier, narrowly escaped being killed after being lured into Denke's home and alerted police in Münsterberg (now Ziębice in Poland).[45] Denke hanged himself in his jail cell the next day, and police searched his house, finding a ledger with the names of 30 victims (and a 31st entry for Olivier) and a large number of body parts deemed to have come from 42 or more people.[46]
- In the Republic of China, the "New National Pronunciation", a standardized pronunciation for the character sounds of the Chinese language was set by delegates of a Commission, established for the purpose of reforming the "Guóyīn Zìdiǎn". The delegates recommended the usage of Beijing, and later incorporated the new standard in 1932 to the "Guóyīn Chángyòng Zìhuì" (國音常用字匯, "Vocabulary of National Pronunciation for Everyday Use").[47] Chen, Ping (1999). Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics (1st ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. pp. https://archive.org/details/modernchinesehis00chen/page/16 16]–19. ISBN 9780521645720.
- Roughly 100 people were injured in rioting between communists and police in Berlin as a group of 50,000 German communists turned into a crushing mob when they gathered to greet Erich Mühsam upon his release from prison in the same general amnesty that freed Hitler.[48]
- Born:
- Dankwart Rustow, German-born professor of political science and sociology, known for his research on democratization; in Berlin (d. 1996)
- 'Died: Francesco Negri, 83, Italian photographer known for his development of the telephoto lens, and improvements in photomicroscopy[49]
December 22, 1924 (Monday)
- An interallied military committee headed by Ferdinand Foch decided that troops would not withdraw from the Cologne area on January 10, 1925, as specified in the Treaty of Versailles, because Germany had not fulfilled its disarmament provisions. Angry articles in the German press accused the Allies of breaking the Dawes Pact.[50]
December 23, 1924 (Tuesday)
- The F. W. Murnau-directed film The Last Laugh premiered at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo in Berlin.[51]
- The Nicolae Bretan opera Golem was first performed at the Hungarian Theater in Cluj, Romania.[52]
- German president Friedrich Ebert lost a libel trial in Magdeburg. Newspaper editor Erwin Rothart was sentenced to three months in prison for insulting the president, but his accusation that Ebert had betrayed the country for leading a strike in 1918 was ruled as proven.[53]
- Albanian Prime Minister Fan Noli and his ministers fled Tirana as rebel forces led by the deposed leader Ahmet Zogu approached the city.[54]
- Born: Bob Kurland, basketball player, in St. Louis, Missouri (d. 2013)
December 24, 1924 (Wednesday)
- Pope Pius XI opened the holy door at St. Peter's Basilica to begin the Jubilee Year of 1925.[55]
- Albania was declared a republic as Ahmet Zogu entered Tirana without resistance, reclaiming leadership of the country and completing the overthrow of Fan Noli's government.[21][56]
- Eight people died in an Imperial Airways de Havilland DH.34 crash, seconds after taking off from Croydon Airport. It was Britain's worst air disaster to date.
- The Babbs Switch fire killed thirty-six people in a one-room school house at Babbs Switch, Oklahoma.
- Born: Mohammed Rafi, playback singer, in Kotla Sultan Singh, British India (d. 1980)
- Died: David Stewart, 34, British flying ace (pilot in the fatal Imperial Airways de Havilland DH.34 crash)
December 25, 1924 (Thursday)
- A post-season college football bowl game known as the Los Angeles Christmas Festival was played in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The USC Trojans defeated the Missouri Tigers, 20–7.
- The Broadway Theatre opened in midtown-Manhattan, New York City.
- Born:
- Moktar Ould Daddah, the first president of Mauritania (from 1960 to 1978); in Boutilimit, French West Africa (d. 2003)
- Rod Serling, screenwriter, playwright, television producer and narrator known for The Twilight Zone; in Syracuse, New York (d. 1975)
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee, 11th prime minister of India from 1998 to 1999; in Gwalior, Gwalior State, British India (d. 2018)
December 26, 1924 (Friday)
- Soviet ambassador Leonid Krassin said that Russia would not pay any outstanding debts accrued in the days of the Tsar.[57]
- Judy Garland made her show business debut at the age of 2+1⁄2, singing "Jingle Bells" at her parents' theater in Grand Rapids, Minnesota.[58]
- Died: William Emerson, 81, British architect
December 27, 1924 (Saturday)
- An editorial written by the estranged Fascist politician Cesare Rossi ran in Giovanni Amendola's newspaper Il Mondo, simultaneously published in other opposition papers. In it, Rossi claimed that Benito Mussolini had directly ordered the Fascists to carry out several crimes.[59][60]
- During a transfer of 10.5 tonnes dynamite from a cargo ship to freight car, there was an explosion in Temiya railway station, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan, 94 persons were killed and more than 300 persons were hurt, according to a Japanese government official document figured report.[61]
December 28, 1924 (Sunday)
- A general election was conducted in Honduras. Miguel Paz Barahona of the conservative National Party was elected president virtually unopposed, as liberals boycotted the election.[62]
- With Franco-German tensions high over the issue of the occupation of Cologne, a sensational report was published in Paris claiming that German scientists had secretly developed a new and devastating poison gas that could annihilate a whole city in a matter of hours.[63]
December 29, 1924 (Monday)
- The Herbert Brenon-directed adventure film Peter Pan, starring Betty Bronson in the title role, was released.
- Kid McCoy was found guilty of manslaughter in the August 12 death of his live-in mistress.[64]
- Died: Carl Spitteler, 79, Swiss writer and Nobel Prize laureate
December 30, 1924 (Tuesday)
- Mussolini called an unexpected cabinet meeting and requested a show of support from all present, which he received from a majority.[59] The two Liberal ministers in Mussolini's cabinet were convinced to withdraw their resignations.[65]
- German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann told international media that peace in Europe and fulfillment of the Dawes Plan were in danger unless a compromise was reached on the Cologne evacuation issue.[66]
December 31, 1924 (Wednesday)
- Thirty-three Blackshirt consuls, headed by Enzo Galbati arrived unannounced in Mussolini's office, demanding that Mussolini crush the opposition or they would do so without him.[59]
- Italian police were ordered to search the houses of prominent opposition leaders over allegations that enemies of the government had stockpiled vast stores of arms. Issues of opposition newspapers in several Italian cities were seized, with Florence becoming especially violent as thousands of Blackshirts converged on the city and ransacked several buildings, including the printing plant of an opposition newspaper which was set on fire.[67]
- Julius Schaub, the chief adviser to Adolf Hitler, was released from Landsberg Prison, where he had been incarcerated with Hitler for participating in the 1923 attempt to overthrow the government of Munich.Joachimsthaler, Anton (1999). The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, Evidence, and Truth. Brockhampton Press. p. 287. ISBN 978-1-86019-902-8.
- Three of four brothers in the Barmat family of merchants were arrested as the industrial corruption scandal known as the Barmat scandal broke in Germany. One report claimed that President Friedrich Ebert's son "Fritz" was connected to the scandal.[68][69]
- Born:
- Frank J. Kelley, U.S. politician, Attorney General of Michigan from 1961 to 1999, nicknamed "The Eternal General"; in Detroit (d. 2021)[70]
- Taylor Mead, writer, actor and performer, in Grosse Point, Michigan (d. 2013)
- Died:
- G. W. Fairchild, 70, Chairman of the Board since 1915 of IBM, formerly the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, and U.S. Representative for New York, 1907 to 1919
- Sir Samuel William Knaggs, 68, British civil servant
References
- ^ Toivo Miljan, Historical Dictionary of Estonia (Scarecrow Press, 2004) ISBN 0-8108-4904-6
- ^ "NHL hockey came to the U.S. on Dec. 1, 1924". nhl.com. National Hockey League. December 1, 2008. Retrieved December 4, 2016.
The National Hockey League celebrates another historic anniversary...remembering the first NHL game played in the United States, as the Boston Bruins hosted the Montreal Maroons, both expansion teams, at the Boston Arena on Dec. 1, 1924.
- ^ Moore, Mike (December 19, 2010). "Those Marauding Montreal Maroons". The Hockey Writers. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ^ Pelletier, Joseph (June 2011). "Joe Pelletier's Greatest Hockey Legends.com - Smokey Harris". bruinslegends.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
- ^ Buchenau, Jürgen (2023). The Sonoran Dynasty in Mexico: Revolution, Reform, and Repression. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-1-4962-3613-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "Documents show Klan in Canada organized by American leaders". Jewish Daily Bulletin. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 24 May 1926. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Paul Langensscheidt, Encyklopädie der modernen Kriminalistik, pp 417–420
- ^ "Lady Be Good". The Guide to Musical Theatre, accessed May 10, 2010
- ^ a b Holston, Kim R. (2013). Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-7864-6062-5.
- ^ Marquis Who's Who, Marquis Who's Who Staff (1 October 1996). Who's Who in the Midwest, 1996-1997: Classic Edition. Marquis Who's Who. ISBN 0837907268.
- ^ Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Munim, Justice Fazle Kaderi Muhammad Abdul". In Islam, Sirajul; Hoque, Kazi (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "General Sawar Khan dies at 99". 24 Digital. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ "Reuben C. Stephenson Dead". The Silent Worker. Vol. 37, no. 4. Trenton, New Jersey. January 1925. p. 195. Retrieved May 23, 2021 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ McKenna, Brian. "Dummy Stephenson". SABR.org. Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
- ^ "19241202 Indonesia:Java:Wonosobo". National Geophysical Data Center. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ^ Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T. "State of the Union Addresses and Messages". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ^ Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T. "Second Annual Message – December 3, 1924". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ^ Parker, R.J. (29 September 2017). Serial Killers Abridged: : 100 Serial Killers. Createspace. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4947-7216-1.
- ^ Timeline of the French Mandate period, SyrianHistory.com
- ^ Vassiliev, Alexei (2012). King Faisal: Personality, Faith and Times. London: Saqu Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-761-2.
- ^ a b c Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 325. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
- ^ "France Breaks Revolt Plot of Communists". Chicago Daily Tribune. December 7, 1924. pp. 1–2.
- ^ "Canadiens Downed Boston, Rallying in Final Period". The Montreal Gazette. Boston, MA USA. Canadian Press. December 9, 1924. p. 16. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
The world champion Canadiens defeated Boston in a fast game here tonight, 4-3, incidentally giving 5,000 Boston hockey fans the best exhibition of the Canadian game on record here.
- ^ Steele, John (December 10, 1924). "Britain to Build Singapore Base, King Announces". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 14.
- ^ "The King's Speech". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). December 9, 1924. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ^ "Nobel Prizes 1924". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ^ "Celebrating 100 Years", DukeEndowment.org
- ^ Reily, Nancy Hopkins (2007). Georgia O'Keeffe, A Private Friendship, Part I: Walking the Sun Prairie Land. Santa Fe, New Mexico: Sunstone Press. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-86534-451-8.
- ^ Goldstein, Richard (2009-04-10). "Doc Blanchard, Army's Mr. Inside, Is Dead at 84". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ "Как Россия от свободного оборота оружия пришла к несвободному". Retrieved 17 February 2018. [dead link]
- ^ "Umm al-Qurá, Number 1131, 1 November 1946". www.wdl.org. 1 November 1946. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ Storer, John (December 13, 1924). "Peace Sure if U.S. Joins World League – Briand". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
- ^ "Koch, Edward Irving – Biographical Information". Retrieved November 11, 2009.
- ^ "Uncle Ray Cordeiro, 1924–2023". RTHK News.
- ^ Doody, Richard. "A chronology of Dictatorial Regimes between the World Wars". The World at War. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ^ "Introduction Lak". Raymond Hayden Economics. August 4, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ^ Green, Joey (2012). Dumb History: The Stupidest Mistakes Ever Made. New York: Plume. ISBN 978-1-101-58543-6.
- ^ Clayton, John (December 17, 1924). "Hungary Seizes Big Estates of Count Karolyi". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
- ^ Crusinberry, James (December 18, 1924). "Landis Wins; Remains Czar of Baseball". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1 and 19.
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