November 1924: Difference between revisions

November 4, 1924: U.S. President Calvin Coolidge defeats challengers John W. Davis and Robert M. La Follette in a landslide victory

The following events occurred in November 1924:

• Gerardo Machado was elected president of Cuba under the Liberal-Popular Coalition banner.
• Éamon de Valera was sentenced to a month in prison for entering Ulster illegally.^[1]
• Club Sport Colombia was founded in Paraguay.
• Born: Süleyman Demirel, President of Turkey 1993 to 2000; Prime Minister of Turkey five times between 1965 and 1993; in İslamköy (d. 2015)

• Huang Fu was named as the acting President of the Republic of China following the Beijing Coup, at the request of General Feng Yuxiang. President Huang declared the presidency of Cao Kun to be illegal.
• The first newspaper crossword in the United Kingdom was published as a feature of the Sunday Express.
• Uruguay and Argentina played to a scoreless draw in the South American Championship of soccer football. Uruguay finished in first place with a record of 2-1-0 (for 5 points) compared to Argentina's 1-2-0 (for 4 points), to win Uruguay's fifth Copa América.
• Born:
  • Father David Bauer, Canadian ice hockey player and coach as well as a Roman Catholic priest, founder of the Canada men's national ice hockey team in 1964, and inductee to the Hockey Hall of Fame; in Waterloo, Ontario (d. 1988)
  • Earl J. Chronister Jr., American sport shooter who held the world record for 20 years for accuracy at 1,000 yards; in Dallastown, Pennsylvania (d. 2009)

• A railway accident killed 15 British commuters who were riding the Liverpool express train.^[2]
• In China, General Feng Yuxiang's troops entered Tianjin.^[3]
• Calvin Coolidge and John W. Davis made their final appeals to voters with radio addresses on the eve of the presidential election.^[4]
• The League of Nations opened its first session of the International Opium Conference, addressing the issue of opium smoking and addiction.^[5]
• Born:
  • Ralph Lazo, American rights activist who was the only non-Japanese American to voluntarily relocate to a Japanese American internment camp during World War II; in Los Angeles (d. 1992)^[6]
  • Slobodan Novak, Croatian Yugoslavian novelist; in Split (d.2016)

• Calvin Coolidge of the Republican Party was elected to a second term in the U.S. presidential election, as Democratic opponent John W. Davis nearly swept the South but was unable to carry any other states. Third-party candidate Robert M. La Follette won his home state of Wisconsin and its 13 electoral votes, while Coolidge had 382 electoral votes and Davis had 136.^[7]
• A violent encounter took place in Rome during parades commemorating the sixth anniversary of the Italian Armistice. Accounts vary as to what happened, but it appears that anti-Fascist war veterans objected to attempts by Blackshirts to join their march. Angry words were exchanged, fights broke out and a ceremony in the Piazza Venezia was called off. The incident became another scandal for Benito Mussolini's government as even members of his inner circle were appalled at what was seen as an attack on Italy's war veterans.^[8][9]
• Stanley Baldwin became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom again.
• Died: Gabriel Fauré, 79, French composer

• Former Chinese emperor Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City and all Manchu titles were abolished.^[1]

• Nikola Pašić became Prime Minister of Yugoslavia for the second time.
• The A. A. Milne poetry collection When We Were Very Young was published.^[10]
• Winston Churchill was named Chancellor of the Exchequer, a surprising move on the part of Stanley Baldwin as Churchill had no experience in finance.^[1]
• Born:
  • Harlon Block, U.S. marine and flag raiser on Iwo Jima, in Yorktown, Texas (d. 1945)
  • Jeanette Schmid, notable whistler, in Volary, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia (d. 2005)

• Germany announced its first balanced budget since the war.^[11]
• The Ignaz Seipel government resigned in Austria.^[12]

• The Sherlock Holmes short story "The Adventure of the Illustrious Client" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was published for the first time in Collier's Weekly in the United States.^[13]
• In Honolulu, Hawaii, Korean nationalist Syngman Rhee announced plans for a new Korean independence movement.^[14]
• Born: Johnny Bower, Canadian hockey player; in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada (d. 2017)
• Died: Mike Merlo, 44, Chicago political figure, died of cancer.

• Soviet troops massed intimidatingly on the border with Estonia on the eve of the trial of the 149 beginning.^[15]
• The silent drama film He Who Gets Slapped, starring Lon Chaney, was released.
• Born: Robert Frank, Swiss photographer; in Zürich (d. 2019)
• Died: Henry Cabot Lodge, 74, U.S. Senator and historian

• Ranch property belonging to Mexican president-elect Plutarco Elías Calles was expropriated by the state in accordance with agrarian laws.^[16]
• Died: Dion O'Banion, 32, American mobster and leader of Chicago's North Side Gang, was murdered in his flower shop, which he used as a front for his organized criminal operations.

• The Martin Beck Theatre (now the Al Hirschfeld Theatre) opened in New York City.
• Born: Evelyn Wawryshyn, Canadian born baseball player in the AAGPBL, inductee to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame; in Tyndall, Manitoba (d. 2022)

• A new session of the Italian parliament opened without 185 opposition members who had stayed away in an ill-conceived protest against the Fascist Party.^[17] The "Aventine Secession" allowed the Fascists to enact the restrictive program of Prime Minister Benito Mussolini.
• The Tientsin Conference began with powerful warlords meeting to discuss the future government of China^[18] and hopefully reconcile with Sun Yat-sen's rival government in Canton.
• Died: Yevgenia Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva, 83, Russian philanthropist and children's activist

• The Polish Orthodox Church was created as an autocephalous religious denomination by the signing of the Patriarchal and Synodal Tomos by Patriarch Gregory VII of Constantinople^[19], with the official proclamation taking effect on September 17, 1925.
• Italy's Prime Minister Benito Mussolini introduced a bill allowing women to vote in national elections in Italy.^[1]
• Born:
  • Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist; in Okazaki, Aichi prefecture (d. 1994)
  • Edward F. Welch, Jr., U.S. Navy admiral; in Barrington, Rhode Island (d. 2008)

• In New York City, the explorers Roald Amundsen and Lincoln Ellsworth announced plans for a joint polar flight expedition in 1925.^[20]
• Died: Joe Quest, 71, American baseball player who played 1871 to 1886, said to have coined the term "Charley horse" to describe a sudden leg cramp or sprain.^[21][22][23]

• France clashed with the United States over a letter from reparations agent Seymour Parker Gilbert stating that Britain and France were not entitled to collect a tax of 26 percent on German imports as part of reparations payments under the Dawes Plan. France contended that the import tax had nothing to do with the Plan.^[24]
• The United Kingdom angered Japan at the International Opium Conference in Geneva when British delegate Malcolm Delevingne said that Great Britain could not habitually recognize import certificates, because they were often diverted on the way to the country of purchase for illicit purposes by high officials in one far eastern country that he "preferred not to name."^[25]
• Born: Motoo Kimura, Japanese biologist and theoretical population geneticist known for his introduction, in 1968, of the neutral theory of molecular evolution; in Okazaki, Aichi prefecture (d.1994)^[26]
• Died: Daisuke Nanba, 25, Japanese Communist convicted of attempting to assassinate Crown Prince Hirohito, was hanged at Ichigaya Prison two days after a ruling by the Supreme Court of Japan that he was guilty of high treason.^[27]

• French troops evacuated the right bank of the Rhine between Cologne and Koblenz.^[28]
• Japan essentially quit the International Opium Conference, claiming the proposed agreement was discriminatory against them and that the British delegation had offended Japan's honour.^[25]
• Born: Mel Patton, U.S. track and field sprinter and 1948 Olympic gold medalist, known for setting the world record of 9.2 seconds in the 100 yard dash in 1948 and breaking the record of Jesse Owens in the 220 yard dash in 1949; in Los Angeles (d. 2014)^[29]

• The Canadian province of Ontario said it would build a "dry navy" to co-operate with American Prohibition enforcement agents unless the Canadian federal government did more to stop rum-running.^[30]
• The film A Sainted Devil, starring Rudolph Valentino, was released.

• Britain asked the League of Nations for an indefinite postponement of any further discussion on the Geneva Protocol.^[31]

• Major-General Sir Lee Stack, British Governor-General of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Sirdar of the Egyptian Army, was shot in Cairo by a gang of Egyptian nationalist students, dying the following day.^[32]
• Hollywood producer Thomas H. Ince died at his estate in California, two days after leaving a gathering attended by many celebrities aboard William Randolph Hearst's private yacht, the Oneida. The cause of death was officially given as a heart attack, but wild rumors circulated that he had been shot or somehow otherwise fatally afflicted under circumstances that were covered up. A 2001 film, The Cat's Meow, is based on the rumors.^[33][34]
• The legislature of the Philippines passed a resolution calling for complete independence from the United States.^[5]
• Born:
  • William Russell, British actor, in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear
  • J. D. Sumner, American singer, songwriter and music promoter; in Lakeland, Florida (d. 1998)
• Died: Thomas H. Ince, 42, American film producer, died of heart failure after he became severely ill aboard the private yacht of media tycoon William Randolph Hearst.^[35]

• Rudolf Ramek became Chancellor of Austria.
• Born:
  • Benoit Mandelbrot, Polish mathematician; in Warsaw (d. 2010)
  • Mark Miller, American actor;, in Houston, Texas (d. 2022)
• Died: Sir Lee Stack, 56, British Governor-General of Sudan, died the day after being shot by assassins.

• Britain's new Stanley Baldwin government scrapped the commercial treaties that Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government had negotiated with the Soviet Union.^[5]
• Born: Warren Hacker, American baseball player; in Marissa, Illinois (d. 2002)
• Died: Florence Harding, 64, former First Lady of the United States and widow of Warren G. Harding

• Fethi Okyar formed a new government as Prime Minister of Turkey upon the resignation of İsmet İnönü.
• The British government sent a message to Egyptian Prime Minister Saad Zaghloul demanding complete satisfaction in the matter of the assassination of Governor-General Sir Lee Stack, including punishment of those responsible and a payment of £500,000 in compensation. Britain blamed the assassination on the Egyptian government's failure to take steps to suppress anti-British agitation.^[36]
• Born:
  • Geraldine Page, American film, television and stage actress, winner of the 1985 Academy Award for Best Actress (for The Trip to Bountiful), as well as a BAFTA award, two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards; in Kirksville, Missouri (d. 1987)^[37]
  • Robert M. Young, American film and television director; in New York City (d. 2024)^[38]

• Edwin Hubble announced his discovery that Andromeda, previously believed to be a nebula, is actually another galaxy, and that the Milky Way is only one of many such galaxies in the universe.^[39]
• American lawyer Leo Koretz was arrested in Canada after being identified by a label sewn into his suit jacket, which he had brought to a tailor for repairs. Koretz, who had fled from the U.S. to Halifax, Nova Scotia after being sought for assisting Charles Ponzi in defrauding investors, had been living in Halifax under the alias "Lou Keyte".^[40] Koretz died in prison less than two months after his arrest.^[41]
• Embattled Italian leader Benito Mussolini apologized for the events in Rome on November 4 and promised to take steps to keep his Blackshirts under control.^[9]
• Born:
  • Anita Linda (stage name for Alice Bueñaflor Lake), Philippine film actress and leading lady; in Pasay (d. 2020)^[42]
  • Paula Raymond (stage name for Paula Ramona Wright), American film and television actress known for the 1950 film noir Crisis; in San Francisco (d. 2003)^[43]
  • Lewis Yablonsky, American sociologist known for his studies of gang members, drug addicts and hippies; in Irvington, New Jersey (d.2014)^[44]

• Saad Zaghloul was ousted as Egyptian Prime Minister days after the assassination Sir Lee Stack, Governor-General of Sudan. Zaghloul was succeeded by Ahmad Ziwar Pasha.^[45]
• Born: Joanne Winter, American baseball pitcher for the Racine Belles of the AAGPBL, and the league's all-time career leader in innings pitched (2159) and pitching appearances (287); in Chicago (d. 1996)

• Charlie Chaplin married his second wife, Lita Grey, in Empalme, Mexico.^[46]
• Radio stations in the United States broadcast an "hour of silence" between 10 and 11 p.m., setting it aside for international broadcasting tests. Listeners as far west as Duluth, Minnesota reported being able to hear broadcasting from England, France and Spain.^[47]
• Born: Takaaki Yoshimoto, Japanese poet, critic and philosopher; in Tokyo (d. 2012)

• The Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed.

• The verdicts in the trial of the 149 were read in Estonia. Seven people were acquitted and all the others were sentenced to varying terms of either prison or forced labour.
• The first Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade was held in New York City.

• Mussolini's newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia warned that civil war would break out unless the opposition ceased its "campaign of defamation."^[48]
• Born: Dennis Brutus, South African activist, educator, journalist and poet; in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe) (d. 2009)

• A public broadcasting station, NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) was founded in Japan, as predecessor name was Tokyo Broadcasting Station.^{[citation needed]}
• The Army–Navy Game was won by Army 12-0 in Baltimore. U.S. president Calvin Coolidge was among the 80,000 in attendance.^[49]
• In the 12th Grey Cup of Canadian football, Queen's University beat the Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers 11-3 at Varsity Stadium.
• The Montreal Forum opened in Canada.
• Born: Irv Noren, American baseball player and pro basketball player; in Jamestown, New York (d. 2019)
• Died: Giacomo Puccini, 66, Italian composer

• The 1924 NFL season officially ended with the Cleveland Bulldogs atop the standings.
• Plutarco Elías Calles was inaugurated as the 40th president of Mexico. The National Stadium in Mexico City was packed for the event that only lasted fifteen minutes.^[50]
• Editor of British newspaper The People Hannen Swaffer recounted a séance he attended along with Arthur Conan Doyle, Sir Robert McAlpine and others. Swaffer said that the medium contacted Lord Northcliffe, who admitted that Doyle was right about life beyond the grave. "I distrusted your judgement, but I see now how wrong I was", the spirit voice of Northcliffe was quoted as saying.^[51]
• Born: Allan Sherman, American comedy writer and song parodist, in Chicago (d. 1973)