Cochlear implant: Difference between revisions

From the early days of implants in the 1970s and the 1980s, speech perception via an implant has steadily increased. More than 200,000 people in the [[United States]] had received a CI through 2019. Many users of modern implants gain reasonable to good hearing and speech perception skills post-implantation, especially when combined with lipreading.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Clark GM | title = The multi-channel cochlear implant: multi-disciplinary development of electrical stimulation of the cochlea and the resulting clinical benefit | journal = Hearing Research | volume = 322 | pages = 4–13 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25159273 | doi = 10.1016/j.heares.2014.08.002 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shannon RV | title = Advances in auditory prostheses | journal = Current Opinion in Neurology | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–66 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 22157109 | pmc = 4123811 | doi = 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834ef878 }}</ref> One of the challenges that remain with these implants is that hearing and speech understanding skills after implantation show a wide range of variation across individual implant users. Factors such as age of implantation, parental involvement and education level, duration and cause of hearing loss, how the implant is situated in the cochlea, the overall health of the cochlear nerve, but also individual capabilities of re-learning are considered to contribute to this variation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Blamey P, Artieres F, Başkent D, Bergeron F, Beynon A, Burke E, Dillier N, Dowell R, Fraysse B, Gallégo S, Govaerts PJ, Green K, Huber AM, Kleine-Punte A, Maat B, Marx M, Mawman D, Mosnier I, O'Connor AF, O'Leary S, Rousset A, Schauwers K, Skarzynski H, Skarzynski PH, Sterkers O, Terranti A, Truy E, Van de Heyning P, Venail F, Vincent C, Lazard DS | display-authors = 6 | title = Factors affecting auditory performance of postlinguistically deaf adults using cochlear implants: an update with 2251 patients | journal = Audiology & Neuro-Otology | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 36–47 | date = 2013 | pmid = 23095305 | doi = 10.1159/000343189 | s2cid = 4668675 | url = https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/69118/1/Dillier_HuberA_etal_AudiolNeurotol_2012.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Scientific Foundations of Audiology: Perspectives from Physics, Biology, Modeling, and Medicine |vauthors=Başkent D, Gaudrain E, Tamati TN, Wagner A |date=2016 |publisher=Plural Publishing |isbn=978-1-59756-652-0 |veditors=Cacace AT, de Kleine E, Holt AG, van Dijk P |location= |pages=285–319 |chapter=Perception and Psychoacoustics of Speech in Cochlear Implant Users |hdl=11370/eef54b8f-af38-4c58-b14d-3ee376412a08 |s2cid=33984881}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pisoni DB, Kronenberger WG, Harris MS, Moberly AC | title = Three challenges for future research on cochlear implants | journal = World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 240–254 | date = December 2017 | pmid = 29780970 | pmc = 5956139 | doi = 10.1016/j.wjorl.2017.12.010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-06 |title=What Are Cochlear Implants for Hearing? {{!}} NIDCD |url=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/cochlear-implants |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=www.nidcd.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>