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Authors: Etiene, Dannie | Kraft, Joanny | Ganju, Neema | Gomez-Isla, Teresa | Gemelli, Brad | Hyman, Bradley T. | Hedley-Whyte, E. Tessa | Wands, Jack R. | de la Monte, Suzanne M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Heterogeneous pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is due to variability in the nature and severity of lesions, overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, or the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease. In the MGH-ADRC autopsy archives, remote cerebral infarcts (CVA) were reported in 30% of the otherwise uncomplicated AD cases. To determine the potential significance of cerebrovascular lesions in relation to AD, the relative densities (CERAD grading criteria) of Bielschowsky-stained AD lesions and Ab-amyloid immunoreactive plaques were compared among cases of AD+CVA (N = 52), AD (N = 48), aged controls (NC; N = 9), and aged controls with AD lesions (ADC; N = 8). The prevalence …of the ApoE e4 allele was also determined for each group. This study demonstrated: 1) higher densities of Bielschowsky-stained plaques in AD, AD+CVA, and ADC than in NC (P < 0.0001); 2) more abundant neurofibrillary tangles in AD relative to all other groups (P < 0.0005), and in AD+CVA and ADC relative to NC (P < 0.05); and 3) increased densities of Aβ-amyloid-immunoreactive plaques in AD relative to AD+CVA (P = 0.0003). In AD+CVA, cerebral vascular lesions consisting of remote microscopic cortical and subcortical white matter infarcts, ischemic lesions, and leukoaraiosis were consistently distributed in structures typically damaged by AD neurodegeneration, as well as in the basal ganglia. The ApoE ε4 allele was more prevalent in the AD+CVA (70%) than in the AD (58%) group (P = 0.05). Since the AD and AD+CVA groups had similar degrees of dementia, the results suggest that cerebral vascular lesions in regions typically destroyed by AD may contribute to the clinical manifestations of AD. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, cerebral infarction, multi-infarct dementia, Aβ-amyloid, Apolipoprotein E

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-1998-1205

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 119-134, 1998

Authors: Lee, Christopher M. | Jacobs, Heidi I.L. | Marquié, Marta | Becker, John A. | Andrea, Nicolas V. | Jin, David S. | Schultz, Aaron P. | Frosch, Matthew P. | Gómez-Isla, Teresa | Sperling, Reisa A. | Johnson, Keith A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: On target 18 F-Flortaucipir (FTP) binding of Alzheimer’s disease tau aggregates and off-target binding of melanocytes have been demonstrated with autoradiography. Objective: We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that if binding in choroid plexus (CP) is due to melanocytes, the signal would be elevated in Black/African American (B/AA) compared to White (W) participants. In addition, we examined whether CP signal affects measurements in adjacent regions, and whether correcting for spill-in effects has an influence on associations between hippocampus (HC) FTP and amyloid or cognition. Methods: FTP race differences in 147 Harvard Aging Brain Study participants (23 B/AA, 124W) were …examined in CP, HC, HC covaried for CP, amygdala, inferior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and fusiform regions. Associations between CP FTP and other regions-of-interest (ROIs) were probed to assess spill-in effects. A statistical regression approach to attenuate CP spill-in was tested by relating adjusted HC SUVR residuals and unadjusted HC SUVR to race, cognition and amyloid. All analyses were covaried for age, sex, education and amyloid deposition, and Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: B/AA individuals had elevated CP and HC SUVR (p  < 0.007), whereas other ROI SUVR and HC SUVR covaried for CP SUVR did not show race differences (p  > 0.05). CP SUVR was associated with HC SUVR (p  < 10–14 ), but with no other ROI SUVR (p  > 0.05). When adjusting HC SUVR for CP SUVR, no race differences in residual HC SUVR were detected, and relationships with amyloid and memory became apparent. Conclusion: Melanocyte FTP binding may account partially for high CP signal. This off-target binding affects mainly HC FTP measurements, which should be interpreted with caution. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, choroid plexus, off-target binding, melanin, race, tau PET

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170840

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 1691-1702, 2018

Authors: Samaranch, Lluís | Cervantes, Sebastián | Barabash, Ana | Alonso, Alvaro | Cabranes, José Antonio | Lamet, Isabel | Ancín, Inés | Lorenzo, Elena | Martínez-Lage, Pablo | Marcos, Alberto | Clarimón, Jordi | Alcolea, Daniel | Lleó, Alberto | Blesa, Rafael | Gómez-Isla, Teresa | Pastor, Pau

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) are involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We prospectively followed three longitudinal independent samples (total n = 319) with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and analyzed whether MAPT H1/H2 haplotypes and APOE ε4 polymorphisms accelerated the rate of progression from MCI to dementia. At the end of the study, 172 subjects remained cognitively stable, whereas 147 progressed to dementia. APOE ε4 and MAPT H1/H1 were independently associated with an increased rate of progression to dementia in the combined sample. Cox regression models of the combined MCI sample showed that …MAPT H1/H1 carriers had an increased rate of progression to dementia compared with non carriers (Hazard Ratio = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.04–2.02; p = 0.028) and time-to-progression was shortened by 1.37 years. APOE ε4 allele also accelerated progression to dementia (Hazard Ratio = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.06–2.04; p = 0.020) and reduced the time-to-progression by 0.87 years. Additionally, MAPT H1/H1 genotype and APOE ε4 allele had an additive effect in progression to dementia, increasing progression rate to dementia (Hazard Ratio = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.40–3.58; p = 0.001) and shortening time-to-progression to dementia by 2.92 years. Similar results were obtained when only considering progression to AD-type dementia. Our results suggest that both MAPT H1/H1 genotype and APOE ε4 allele lead to a more rapid progression to dementia among MCI subjects, probably mediating an increased rate of amyloid-β and tau brain deposition. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, APOE, interaction, genetics, microtubule-associated tau protein, MAPT, mild cognitive impairment

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2010-101011

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1065-1071, 2010

Authors: Dumurgier, Julien | Hanseeuw, Bernard J. | Hatling, Frances B. | Judge, Kelly A. | Schultz, Aaron P. | Chhatwal, Jasmeer P. | Blacker, Deborah | Sperling, Reisa A. | Johnson, Keith A. | Hyman, Bradley T. | Gómez-Isla, Teresa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Identifying older adults at risk of cognitive decline represents a challenge as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) modifying therapies move toward preclinical stages. Objective: To investigate the relationship between AD biomarkers and subsequent change in cognition in a cohort of cognitively intact older adults. Methods: 84 cognitively normal subjects (mean age 72.0 years, 59% women) were recruited through the Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and the Harvard Aging Brain Study and followed over 3 years. Measurements of amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ42 ), total Tau (t-Tau), and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-Tau181) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at study entry were available …in all cases. Baseline brain MRI, FDG-PET, and PiB-PET data were available in the majority of participants. Relationship between baseline AD biomarkers and longitudinal change in cognition was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression and linear mixed models. Results: 14% participants increased their global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score from 0 to 0.5 during follow-up. A CDR score increase was associated with higher baseline CSF t-Tau and p-Tau181, higher global cortical PiB retention, and lower hippocampal volume. The combination of high CSF t-Tau and low Aβ42 or low hippocampal volume was more strongly related to cognitive outcome than each single biomarker. Higher CSF t-Tau was the only biomarker associated with subsequent decline in MMSE score. Conclusions: Baseline CSF t-Tau and p-Tau181, in vivo amyloid load, and hippocampal volume were all independently associated with future decline in cognition. The discriminatory ability of these biomarkers to predict risk of cognitive decline, however, was only modest. Show more

Keywords: Biomarkers, cognitive decline, cerebrospinal fluid, epidemiology, neuroimaging

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170511

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1451-1459, 2017