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|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
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|year_start = 1566
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|year_end = 1947
|year_end = 1947
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'''Parlakhemundi state''' or Parlakhemundi Zamindari state was one of the largest princely states of [[Orrisa]] in the [[British Raj|British Raj period]]. It was a Zamindari estate lying in the southwestern portion of [[Ganjam district]], covering an area of 615 square miles.<ref name="crw">{{cite web |title=Dynasty of Tiger - Indian Princely States |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-tiger.html |website=CRW flags |publisher=CRW flags}}</ref> It was bounded in the West by the [[Visakhapatnam district|district of Vizagpatnam]] and on the North by the [[Kingdom of Jeypore|Jeypore state]].<ref name="Rajput"/>
'''Parlakhemundi state''' or Parlakhemundi Zamindari state was one of the largest princely states of [[Orrisa]] in the [[British Raj|British Raj period]]. It was a Zamindari estate lying in the southwestern portion of [[Ganjam district]], covering an area of 615 square miles.<ref name="crw">{{cite web |title=Dynasty of Tiger - Indian Princely States |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-tiger.html |website=CRW flags |publisher=CRW flags}}</ref> It was bounded in the West by the [[Visakhapatnam district|district of Vizagpatnam]] and on the North by the [[Kingdom of Jeypore|Jeypore state]].<ref name="Rajput"/>


They were a branch of the powerful [[Eastern Ganga Dynasty]] that survived as the rulers of the [[Paralakhemundi]] estate, currently part of the [[Gajapati district]], Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/parlakhimedi.html|title=Parla Khimedi (Zamindari)|website=www.members.iinet.net.au|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>
They were a branch of the powerful [[Eastern Ganga Dynasty]] that survived as the rulers of the [[Paralakhemundi]] estate, currently part of the [[Gajapati district]], Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/parlakhimedi.html|title=Parla Khimedi (Zamindari)|website=www.members.iinet.net.au|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
⚫
[[File:A panoramic view of Jagannath temple, Puri.jpg|thumb|A panoramic view of Jagannath temple, Puri]]
It was established by Hambir Deva, the eldest son of [[Kapilendra Deva|Gajapati Kapilendra Deva Routray]] and brother of [[Purushottama Deva|Gajapati Purusottam Deva]]. Many others say that it was founded by Kolahomee, a younger son of [[Kapilendra Deva|Gajapati Kapilendra Deva]].<ref name="Rajput"/> Other researchers reject it saying, if the present members of Parlakhemundi originated from [[Kapilendra Deva]]'s [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapati dynasty]] then they would have declared themselves as [[Solar dynasty|Suryavamshis]], but they call themselves as [[Lunar dynasty|Chandravamshis]].<ref name="Academia edu- THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI"/><ref name="Odisha Royals: THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals"/>
It was established by Hambir Deva, the eldest son of [[Kapilendra Deva|Gajapati Kapilendra Deva Routray]] and brother of [[Purushottama Deva|Gajapati Purusottam Deva]]. Many others say that it was founded by Kolahomee, a younger son of [[Kapilendra Deva|Gajapati Kapilendra Deva]].<ref name="Rajput"/> Other researchers reject it saying, if the present members of Parlakhemundi originated from [[Kapilendra Deva]]'s [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapati dynasty]] then they would have declared themselves as [[Solar dynasty|Suryavamshis]], but call themselves as [[Lunar dynasty|Chandravamshis]].<ref name="Academia edu- THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI"/><ref name="Odisha Royals: THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals"/>


On the other hand it is said that, this dynasty was present much before the [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapatis]] as a branch of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]], who ruled [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] before the [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajpatis]]. So the origin of the [[Parlakhemundi]] Ganga kings is still unclear.<ref name="Academia edu- THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI">{{cite web |last1=https://www.academia.edu |first1=https://www.academia.edu |title=(1) (PDF) THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI |url=https://www.academia.edu/10811770/THE_ROYAL_STORIES_OF_ODISHA_GANGAS_OF_PARALAKHEMUNDI |website=Academia edu |publisher=Academia edu |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Odisha Royals: THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals">{{cite web |last1=https://odisharoyals.com |first1=https://odisharoyals.com |title=THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals |url=https://odisharoyals.com/the-story-of-paralakhemundi-raj/ |website=Odisha Royals |publisher=Odisha Royals |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref>
On the other hand it is that this dynasty was present much before the [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapatis]] as a branch of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]], who ruled [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] before the [[Gajapati Kingdom|]].<ref name="Academia edu- THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI">{{cite web |last1=https://www.academia.edu |first1=https://www.academia.edu |title=(1) (PDF) THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI |url=https://www.academia.edu/10811770/THE_ROYAL_STORIES_OF_ODISHA_GANGAS_OF_PARALAKHEMUNDI |website=Academia edu |publisher=Academia edu |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref> - ">{{ |= |=://. |= |url=https://.com/=|publisher= </>

The Khimedi country, consisting of Parlakemedi, [[Pedda Khimedi|Pedda kimedi]] and Chinna Kimedi, was under a single ruler till 1607.<ref name="Kimedi country">{{cite book|last=W|first=Francis|title=Gazetter of South India Volumes 1-2|year=1988|url=https://books.google.com/books&id=_RG2x2xDQ5UC&q=kimedi+country&pg=PA218|publisher=Mittal Publications}}</ref> In 1607 the Raja of Parlakhemundi, Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1590–1630) granted Vizianagram and Pratapgiri to his young son Unanga Bhima Deo Kesari, whose descendants in turn divided the zamindari into two branches.<ref name="Kimedi country"/> Parlakhemundi came under British influence in 1768.<ref name="Kimedi country"/>


The [[Paralakhemundi]] zamindari state has played much of an important role in assembling the Odia speaking parts, propagating modern education system, building state infrastructures etc.<ref name="Academia edu- THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI">{{cite web |last1=https://www.academia.edu |first1=https://www.academia.edu |title=(1) (PDF) THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI |url=https://www.academia.edu/10811770/THE_ROYAL_STORIES_OF_ODISHA_GANGAS_OF_PARALAKHEMUNDI |website=Academia edu |publisher=Academia edu |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Odisha Royals: THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals">{{cite web |last1=https://odisharoyals.com |first1=https://odisharoyals.com |title=THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals |url=https://odisharoyals.com/the-story-of-paralakhemundi-raj/ |website=Odisha Royals |publisher=Odisha Royals |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref> A a large part of the estate now lies in [[Andhra Pradesh]],<ref name="Odisha Royals: THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals">{{cite web |last1=https://odisharoyals.com |first1=https://odisharoyals.com |title=THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals |url=https://odisharoyals.com/the-story-of-paralakhemundi-raj/ |website=Odisha Royals |publisher=Odisha Royals |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref> even though the Gangas were based in [[Orrisa]].
The [[Paralakhemundi]] zamindari state has played much of an important role in assembling the Odia speaking parts, propagating modern education system, building state infrastructures etc.<ref name="Academia edu- THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI">{{cite web |last1=https://www.academia.edu |first1=https://www.academia.edu |title=(1) (PDF) THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI |url=https://www.academia.edu/10811770/THE_ROYAL_STORIES_OF_ODISHA_GANGAS_OF_PARALAKHEMUNDI |website=Academia edu |publisher=Academia edu |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Odisha Royals: THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals">{{cite web |last1=https://odisharoyals.com |first1=https://odisharoyals.com |title=THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals |url=https://odisharoyals.com/the-story-of-paralakhemundi-raj/ |website=Odisha Royals |publisher=Odisha Royals |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref> A a large part of the estate now lies in [[Andhra Pradesh]],<ref name="Odisha Royals: THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals">{{cite web |last1=https://odisharoyals.com |first1=https://odisharoyals.com |title=THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals |url=https://odisharoyals.com/the-story-of-paralakhemundi-raj/ |website=Odisha Royals |publisher=Odisha Royals |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref> even though the Gangas were based in [[Orrisa]].


==List of rulers==
==List of rulers==
The rulers of this line include:<ref name="Rajput">{{cite web |title=Parla Khimedi Zamindari |url=http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/parla_khimedi |website=Indian Rajputs |publisher=Indian Rajputs}}</ref>
The rulers of this line include:<ref name=""/>


* Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
# Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1566–1590)
* Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
⚫
# Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1590–1630)
* Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
⚫
# Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1630–1656) [[File:A panoramic view of Jagannath temple, Puri.jpg|thumb|A panoramic view of Jagannath temple, Puri]]
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
⚫
# Mukunda Deo (1656–1674)
* Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
⚫
# Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1674–1702)
* Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
⚫
# Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1686–1702)
* Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
⚫
# Narahari Narayan Deo (1702–1729)
* Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
⚫
# Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1729–1748)
* Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
⚫
# Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1748–1751)
* Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
⚫
# [[Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II]] (1751–1777)
# Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1802)
Chandra ()
* Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
⚫
# Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1802–1805)
# Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1821–1851)
Narayan ()
# Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1851–1855)
Gajapati Narayan Deo ()
# Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1855–1904)
Gajapati Narayan Deo ()
⚫
Mukunda Deo ()
⚫
# [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]] (1913 – 25 May 1974)
# [[Gopinath Gajapati|Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo]] (25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)
Gajapati Narayan Deo ()
# [[Kalyani Gajpati|Kalyani Gajapati]] (10 January 2020–present)
Gajapati )
⚫
Narahari Narayan Deo ()
⚫
Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II ()
⚫
Gajapati Narayan Deo I ()
⚫
[[Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II]] ()
⚫
Gajapati Narayan Deo ()
⚫
Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo ()
* Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
⚫
Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo ()
⚫
Gajapati Narayan Deo ()
⚫
[[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]] (1913 – 25 May 1974)
* [[Gopinath Gajapati|Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo]] (25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)
* [[Kalyani Gajpati|Kalyani Gajapati]] (10 January 2020–present)


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 09:37, 3 March 2021

Parlakhemundi state
Princely State of British India
1309–1947
Gajapati Palace, built by Krushna Chandra Gajapati. It is the residence of the rulers of Parlakhemundi.
Flag of Parla khimedi
Flag
History 
• Established
1309
1947
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Eastern Ganga dynasty?
Gajapati Empire
Pedda Khimedi
Chinna Khimedi
India
Today part ofIndia

Parlakhemundi state or Parlakhemundi Zamindari state was one of the largest princely states of Orrisa in the British Raj period. It was a Zamindari estate lying in the southwestern portion of Ganjam district, covering an area of 615 square miles.[1] It was bounded in the West by the district of Vizagpatnam and on the North by the Jeypore state.[2]

They were a branch of the powerful Eastern Ganga Dynasty that survived as the rulers of the Paralakhemundi estate, currently part of the Gajapati district, Odisha.[3]

History

A panoramic view of Jagannath temple, Puri

It was established by certain scholars that Hambir Deva, the eldest son of Gajapati Kapilendra Deva Routray and brother of Gajapati Purusottam Deva. Many others say that it was founded by Kolahomee, a younger son of Gajapati Kapilendra Deva.[2] Other researchers reject it saying, if the present members of Parlakhemundi originated from Kapilendra Deva's Gajapati dynasty then they would have declared themselves as Suryavamshis, but the dyansty chiefs call themselves as Chandravamshis.[4][5]

On the other hand it is also established that this dynasty was present much before the Gajapatis as a branch of the Eastern Gangas, who ruled Kalinga before the Gajapatis.[4] This is traced to the foundation of the Khemundi kingdom by Narashingha Deba, a son of the Eastern Ganga monarch Bhanudeva II during the early 14th century. His descendants would inherit the Khemundi territory while the main Imperial Eastern Ganga line would end after being overthrown by the Suryavamshi Gajapati kingdom. During the 16th cen, the Raja of Parlakhemundi, Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba granted parts of the Khimedi areas to his son Ananga Kesari Ramachandra Deba, whose son Chodanga Deba in turn divided the zamindari among his sons, splitting into two branches- Pedda Khimedi (Badakhemundi) and Chinna Khimedi (Sanakhemundi) in 1608.[6][7] Parlakhemundi came under British influence in 1768.[7]

The Paralakhemundi zamindari state has played much of an important role in assembling the Odia speaking parts, propagating modern education system, building state infrastructures etc.[4][5] A a large part of the estate now lies in Andhra Pradesh,[5] even though the Gangas were based in Orrisa.

List of rulers

The rulers of this line include:[6]

  • Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
  • Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
  • Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
  • Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
  • Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
  • Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
  • Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
  • Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
  • Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
  • Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
  • Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)
  • Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
  • Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)
  • Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)
  • Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)
  • Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)
  • Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)
  • Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)
  • Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)
  • Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)
  • Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)
  • Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II (1736–1771)
  • Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)
  • Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)
  • Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
  • Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)
  • Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)
  • Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1913 – 25 May 1974)
  • Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo (25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)
  • Kalyani Gajapati (10 January 2020–present)

References

  1. ^ "Dynasty of Tiger - Indian Princely States". CRW flags. CRW flags.
  2. ^ a b "Parla Khimedi Zamindari". Indian Rajputs. Indian Rajputs.
  3. ^ "Parla Khimedi (Zamindari)". www.members.iinet.net.au. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  4. ^ a b c https://www.academia.edu, https://www.academia.edu. "(1) (PDF) THE ROYAL STORIES OF ODISHA: GANGAS OF PARALEKHAMUNDI". Academia edu. Academia edu. Retrieved 31 December 2020. {{cite web}}: External link in |first1= and |last1= (help)
  5. ^ a b c https://odisharoyals.com, https://odisharoyals.com. "THE STORY OF PARALEKHMUNDI RAJ- Odisha Royals". Odisha Royals. Odisha Royals. Retrieved 31 December 2020. {{cite web}}: External link in |first1= and |last1= (help)
  6. ^ a b ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS GAJAPATI (PDF), GAD, Govt of Odisha, 2002, p. 51
  7. ^ a b W, Francis (1988). Gazetter of South India Volumes 1-2. Mittal Publications.

General references

  • Patel, S.K. (1991). Cultural history of early medieval Orissa: Åšulki rule. Sundeep Prakashan. p. 48. ISBN 978-81-85067-71-1. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
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