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'''Apaliunas''' is a [[theonym]], attested in a [[Hittite language]] treaty as a tutelary of [[Wilusa]]. Apaliunas is considered to be the Hittite reflex of ''*Apeljōn'', an early form of the name [[Apollo]], which may also be surmised from comparison of [[Arcadocypriot|Cypriot]] {{lang|grc|Ἀπείλων}} with [[Doric Greek|Doric]] {{lang|grc|Ἀπέλλων}}.<ref>{{cite book| author = John L. Angel|author2=Machteld Johanna Mellink| title = Troy and the Trojan War: A Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr College, October 1984| year = 1986| publisher = Bryn Mawr Commentaries| isbn = 978-0-929524-59-7| page = 42 }}</ref> |
'''Apaliunas''' is a [[theonym]], attested in a [[Hittite language]] treaty as a tutelary of [[Wilusa]]. Apaliunas is considered to be the Hittite reflex of ''*Apeljōn'', an early form of the name [[Apollo]], which may also be surmised from comparison of [[Arcadocypriot|Cypriot]] {{lang|grc|Ἀπείλων}} with [[Doric Greek|Doric]] {{lang|grc|Ἀπέλλων}}.<ref>{{cite book| author = John L. Angel|author2=Machteld Johanna Mellink| title = Troy and the Trojan War: A Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr College, October 1984| year = 1986| publisher = Bryn Mawr Commentaries| isbn = 978-0-929524-59-7| page = 42 }}</ref> |
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Apaliunas is among the gods who guarantee a treaty drawn up about 1280 BCE between [[Alaksandu]] of Wilusa, interpreted as "[[Paris (mythology)|Alexander]] of [[Troy|Ilios]]" and the great Hittite king,<ref>Latacz 2001:138.</ref> [[Muwatalli II]]. He is one of the three deities named on the side of the city. In [[Homer]], Apollo is the builder of the walls of Ilium, a god on the Trojan side. A [[Luwian language|Luwian]] etymology suggested for ''Apaliunas'' makes Apollo "The One of Entrapment", perhaps in the sense of "Hunter".<ref>{{cite book| author = Sara Anderson Immerwahr|author2=Anne Proctor. Chapin| title = Charis: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Immerwahr| year = 2004| publisher = Amer School of Classical| isbn = 978-0-87661-533-1| page = 254 }}</ref> |
Apaliunas is among the gods who guarantee a treaty drawn up about 1280 BCE between [[Alaksandu]] of Wilusa, interpreted as "[[Paris (mythology)|Alexander]] of [[Troy|Ilios]]" and the great Hittite king,<ref>Latacz 2001:138.</ref> [[Muwatalli II]]. He is one of the three deities named on the side of the city. In [[Homer]], Apollo is the builder of the walls of Ilium, a god on the Trojan side. A [[Luwian language|Luwian]] etymology suggested for ''Apaliunas'' makes Apollo "The One of Entrapment", perhaps in the sense of "Hunter".<ref>{{cite book| author = Sara Anderson Immerwahr|author2=Anne Proctor. Chapin| title = Charis: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Immerwahr| year = 2004| publisher = Amer School of Classical| isbn = 978-0-87661-533-1| page = 254 }}</ref> |
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Further east of the Luwian language area, a [[Hurrian]] god [[Aplu (deity)|Aplu]] was a deity of the plague – bringing it, or, if propitiated, protecting from it – and resembles [[Apollo Smintheus]], "mouse-Apollo"<ref>"smintheus" (Perseus.tufts) [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=sminqeus&la#lexicon σμινθεύς]</ref> worshiped at Troy and [[Ancient Tenedos|Tenedos]], who brought plague upon the Achaeans in answer to a Trojan prayer at the opening of ''[[Iliad]]''.<ref>"You Apollo Smintheus, let my tears become your arrows against the Danaans, for revenge". [[Homer]], [[Iliad]], i. 33-39</ref> Aplu, it is suggested, comes from the [[Akkadian]] ''Aplu Enlil'', meaning "the son of Enlil", a title that was given to the god [[Nergal]], who was linked to [[Shamash]], Babylonian god of the Sun,<ref name="Grummond">de Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2006) ''Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend''. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology); Mackenzie, Donald A. (2005) ''Myths of Babylonia and Assyria'' (Gutenberg)</ref> and with the plague. |
Further east of the Luwian language area, a [[Hurrian]] god [[Aplu (deity)|Aplu]] was a deity of the plague – bringing it, or, if propitiated, protecting from it – and resembles [[Apollo Smintheus]], "mouse-Apollo"<ref>"smintheus" (Perseus.tufts) [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=sminqeus&la#lexicon σμινθεύς]</ref> worshiped at Troy and [[Ancient Tenedos|Tenedos]], who brought plague upon the Achaeans in answer to a Trojan prayer at the opening of ''[[Iliad]]''.<ref>"You Apollo Smintheus, let my tears become your arrows against the Danaans, for revenge". [[Homer]], [[Iliad]], i. 33-39</ref> Aplu, it is suggested, comes from the [[Akkadian]] ''Aplu Enlil'', meaning "the son of Enlil", a title that was given to the god [[Nergal]], who was linked to [[Shamash]], Babylonian god of the Sun,<ref name="Grummond">de Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2006) ''Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend''. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology); Mackenzie, Donald A. (2005) ''Myths of Babylonia and Assyria'' (Gutenberg)</ref> and with the plague. |
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{{Portal|Mythology|Ancient Near East}} |
{{Portal|Mythology|Ancient Near East}} |
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Revision as of 01:05, 19 April 2016
Apaliunas is a theonym, attested in a Hittite language treaty as a tutelary of Wilusa. Apaliunas is considered to be the Hittite reflex of *Apeljōn, an early form of the name Apollo, which may also be surmised from comparison of Cypriot Ἀπείλων with Doric Ἀπέλλων.[1]
Apaliunas is among the gods who guarantee a treaty drawn up about 1280 BCE between Alaksandu of Wilusa, interpreted as "Alexander of Ilios" and the great Hittite king,[2] Muwatalli II. He is one of the three deities named on the side of the city. In Homer, Apollo is the builder of the walls of Ilium, a god on the Trojan side. A Luwian etymology suggested for Apaliunas makes Apollo "The One of Entrapment", perhaps in the sense of "Hunter".[3]
Further east of the Luwian language area, a Hurrian god Aplu was a deity of the plague – bringing it, or, if propitiated, protecting from it – and resembles Apollo Smintheus, "mouse-Apollo"[4] worshiped at Troy and Tenedos, who brought plague upon the Achaeans in answer to a Trojan prayer at the opening of Iliad.[5] Aplu, it is suggested, comes from the Akkadian Aplu Enlil, meaning "the son of Enlil", a title that was given to the god Nergal, who was linked to Shamash, Babylonian god of the Sun,[6][failed verification] and with the plague.
References
- ^ John L. Angel; Machteld Johanna Mellink (1986). Troy and the Trojan War: A Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr College, October 1984. Bryn Mawr Commentaries. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-929524-59-7.
- ^ Latacz 2001:138.
- ^ Sara Anderson Immerwahr; Anne Proctor. Chapin (2004). Charis: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Immerwahr. Amer School of Classical. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-87661-533-1.
- ^ "smintheus" (Perseus.tufts) σμινθεύς
- ^ "You Apollo Smintheus, let my tears become your arrows against the Danaans, for revenge". Homer, Iliad, i. 33-39
- ^ de Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2006) Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology); Mackenzie, Donald A. (2005) Myths of Babylonia and Assyria (Gutenberg)
Sources
- Latacz, Joachim, 2001. Troia und Homer: Der Weg zur Lösung eines alten Rätsels. (Munich)
- Korfmann, Manfred, "Stelen auf den Toren Toias: Apaliunas – Apollon in Truisa – Wilusa?,” in Güven Arsebük, M. Mellink, and W. Schirmer (eds.), Light on Top of the Black Hill. Festschrift für Halet Cambel (Istanbul) 1998:471-78. Stel outside the supposed gates of Troy.